DETECTING EXPERIMENTALLY INDUCED ITEM BIAS USING THE ITERATIVE LOGIT METHOD

A test for mental arithmetic was constructed, consisting of items written in Dutch (the subjects' native language), Spanish, and Roman numerals. A group of 286 subjects received some information on Spanish numerals. The group was randomly split into a Spanish Group and a Roman Group. The Spanish Group received further instruction on Spanish numerals, while the Roman Group got instruction on Roman numerals. Checks on the experimental manipulations showed that the Spanish Group had better knowledge of Spanish numerals than the Roman Group, whereas the Roman Group had better knowledge of Roman numerals. From the total test two subtests were constructed: a 30-item Dutch/Spanish subtest (15 items in Dutch and 15 in Spanish), and a 25-item Dutch/Roman subtest (15 items in Dutch and 10 in Roman). The Dutch items were unbiased between the Spanish and Roman groups, whereas the Spanish items of the Dutch/Spanish subtest were biased against the Roman Group, and the Roman items of the Dutch/Roman subtest were biased against the Spanish Group. The iterative logit method was applied to the two subtests. The method showed very good results in detecting biased items.     

中情局官员回忆:国军残部撤离缅甸

1948年以后,中国大陆两股政治势力间的博弈出现转折性的变化,国民党军队开始习惯性溃败,战略要地轮番失守,大批军队和政府机关败退孤岛台湾。     

M.C. Wittrock,a Giant of Educational Psychology

This is the introduction to a set of articles honoring the life and contributions of Merlin C. Wittrock. Wittrock's classic article, “Learning as a Generative Process,” originally published in the pages of Educational Psychologist in 1974, is reprinted, followed by comments from colleagues, friends, former students, and others on Professor Wittrock's lasting legacy.