Social capital,human capital and parent–child relation quality: interacting for children’s educational achievement?

We analyse the utility of social capital for children’s achievement, and if this utility interacts with family human capital and the quality of the parent-child relationship. Our focus is on parental activities directly related to children’s school work. Our data stem from a Swedish cohort born in 1953 and consist of both survey and register data. We find that parents with more human capital tended to offer their children more social capital. OLS regressions showed that, when present, social capital was directly related to children’s grades and its utility for achievement did not depend on parents’ human capital. The utility of social capital was enhanced when combined with a very good parent-child relation.     

实际塑性铰链位置对延性框架行为的影响

研究目的：研究方法：通过有限元分析和极限分析,研究了在纵向和横向载荷下钢框架的最大负荷和坍塌模式,并考虑了塑性铰链住轴向力和弯曲力矩的作用下住实际旋转时的运动学。在垂直和水平方向载荷共存的情况下,基于轴向力和弯曲力矩的交互作用,研究延性框架的极限载荷和坍塌模式对产生于塑性铰链的真实运动学的敏感性。通过两个基本的案例和通过成功地评估非线性有限元分析和直接实施的极限分析步骤,并利用MATHEMATICA,揭示了其敏感性。 在标准规程的框架下,即使在最简单的案例中,极限分析的主要结果也会考虑在坍塌时的运动学,这与设计和加固的目的都是相关的。如果没有对所有的结构元件的轴向力和弯曲力矩的交互作用进行合理的计算,塑性铰链的定位计算可能得出不正确的坍塌机理和误导性的安全系数。就具体方面而言,本文清楚地表明,在设计新的结构或者为现有结构进行加固时,即使是使用看起来已经非常完备的经典步骤,也必须非常小心。本文的模型可以为处理规程设计的执业工程师和标准化委员会提供参考。     

Behavioral innovation: Pilot study and new big data analysis approach in household sector user innovation

Innovation researchers have begun to look beyond how users develop tangible objects or product innovations and moved to investigate the existence and impact of intangible user-developed innovations in techniques and services in the household sector . In this paper, to incorporate technique and service innovations and other varieties of intangible innovations not yet described in the literature into an efficient and encompassing typology, we propose the new concept of intangible Behavioral Innovation as an overarching category that stands in contrast to tangible product innovation. Behavioral innovation is defined as consisting of one or a connected sequence of intangible problem-solving activities that provide a functionally novel benefit to its user developer relative to previous practice. We demonstrate in a pilot study using a relatively novel big data-gathering and semantic analysis approach that behavioral innovation exists and can be identified in user-generated content posted openly online in peer-to-peer discussion forums relating to household sector activities such as parenting. The preponderance (N = 138) of the 168 user innovations captured in our samples of discussion comments were intangible behavioral innovations, most of which were developed by women. The majority of behavioral innovations identified were diffused by their user developers in response to specific requests for help or advice from peers in their online community. Thus, incorporating the new concept of intangible behavioral innovation into studies of user innovation's scope and significance in the household sector can serve to clarify which users innovate in our communities of interest, what and how they innovate, why they are triggered to diffuse their innovations peer-to-peer, and how their innovative activities might impact social welfare.     

The impact of public funding on science valorisation: an analysis of the ERC Proof-of-Concept Programme

Governments and public agencies are increasingly keen to support the translation of scientific discoveries into commercial and societal applications through science valorisation funding, as a way to enhance progress and inclusive growth. In this paper, we use grant-level data from the European Research Council Proof-of-Concept (PoC) programme, in order to assess the impact of public funding on a broad set of science valorisation outcomes, including licensing, spinoff formation, R&D collaborations, consulting and access to follow-on funding. We employ an instrumental variable approach to compare the valorisation outcomes of projects that obtained an ERC PoC grant to a group of projects that applied to the PoC scheme but were not funded. We find that the programme was effective in fostering the early valorisation of scientific discoveries by all measures of success that we employed. Overall, thus, our findings speak in favour of this type of policy instrument as a catalyst to accelerate the transition of scientific breakthroughs towards practical applications.     

Treading new ground in household sector innovation research: Scope,emergence, business implications,and diffusion

Individual consumers in the household sector increasingly develop products, services and processes, in their discretionary time without payment. Household sector innovation is becoming a pervasive phenomenon, representing a significant share of the innovation activity in any economy. Such innovation emerges from personal needs or self-rewards, and is distinct from and complementary to producer innovations motivated by commercial gains. In this introductory paper to the special issue on household sector innovation, we take stock of emerging research on the topic. We categorize the research into four areas: scope, emergence, implications for business, and diffusion. We develop a conceptual basis for the phenomenon, introduce the articles in the special issue, and show how each article contributes new insights. We end by offering a research agenda for scholars interested in the salient phenomenon of household sector innovation.