Effects of text-belief consistency and reading task on the strategic validation of multiple texts

In the comprehension of multiple controversial scientific texts, readers with strong prior beliefs tend to construct a one-sided mental representation that is biased towards belief-consistent information. In the present study, we examined whether an argument in contrast to a summary task instruction can increase the resource allocation to and strategic validation of belief-inconsistent information which should be positively related to comprehension. Undergraduate students read one belief-consistent and one belief-inconsistent text about a controversial scientific issue either with an argument or a summary task instruction. The use of strategic validation and memorization strategies was assessed with think-aloud protocols, and a verification task was used to investigate comprehension outcomes. As predicted, readers following a summary task read belief-consistent information longer and used more memorization strategies for such information. Readers following an argument task spent similar time reading both text types and used more validation strategies when reading the belief-inconsistent text. In addition, the use of strategic validation during reading the belief-inconsistent text improved comprehension for this text type but hindered the comprehension of the belief-consistent text.     

From abbey to archive: managing texts and records in early modern England

This article investigates the long-term transformations in England’s documentary storage regime wrought by the Reformation. Henry VIII’s Dissolution of the Monasteries famously resulted in the dispersal and destruction of many medieval texts and records, but he and his successors sponsored efforts to retrieve lost materials, which they then used in the formation of ecclesiastical policy. Elizabethan counselors expanded the scope of this project, applying their expertise in gathering records to secular issues and assiduously preserving their own documents. During James I’s reign, the Earl of Salisbury’s patronage gave new authority to the State Paper Office, encouraging the consolidation of a centralizing archive that integrated earlier methods of collection, preservation, and indexing in its operation and construction. The article thus offers an analytic trajectory tying the practices of Reformation to the development of expanding national archives in the seventeenth century.     

基于国际合著论文的中国学术贡献度研究

国际学术合作能够提高科研效率,推动知识创新,探讨国际合著论文中的国家贡献度,对反映国家领域影响力,提升国际合作态势具有重要意义.从数值和内容两个层面构建国际合著国家学术贡献度分析模型,以中国作为重点研究对象,以Web of Science为数据来源,通过构建国际合著网络,结合学术贡献度计算公式,分析近十年中国在Info...     

发展教育学:一个重要的教育研究领域

发展教育学作为一个重要教育研究领域的出现有其产生的特定原因,发展教育学是从教育的视角研究社会发展引发的社会问题,并对教育发展的基本问题做出审视,进而通过教育自身的变革促进教育和社会的健康和谐发展,发展教育学作为教育学的一个重要研究领域在理论和实践上有着重要的意义。     

Building world-class research university: The Brain Korea 21 project

This study evaluated the effects of South Korea’s Brain Korea 21 (BK 21) project, a special research funding program designed to build world-class research university. The effects were measured by examining the frequency of article publications in SCI journals during the 1995–2005 period. The results of the analysis indicated that the growth of research publications from Korean research universities was increased significantly following the implementation of the BK 21 project in 1999. In addition, during the period under study, four research universities (Yonsei, Korea, Sungkyunkwan, and Hanyang) were newly emerged. However, the growth rate of research publications was not different from that of the US and Japan, and even less than that of China. Thus, although the BK 21 project contributed to the growth of research publications of Korean universities, the project did not lessen the gap between Korea universities and world-class research universities in the US or Japan in number of publications.     

Exploring How Second Grade Elementary Teachers Translate Their Nature of Science Views into Classroom Practice After a Graduate Level Nature of Science Course

The main purpose of this study was to explore the factors mediating the translation of second grade teachers’ nature of science (NOS) views into classroom practice after completing a graduate level NOS course. Four second grade in-service elementary teachers comprised the sample of this study. Data were collected from several sources during the course of this study. The primary data sources were (a) assessment of the elementary teachers’ NOS views before and after the graduate level NOS course using the Views of Nature of Science Questionnaire Version B (VNOS-B) (Lederman et al., 2002) coupled with interviews, and (b) a classroom observation and videotaped recording of the elementary teachers’ best NOS lessons coupled with interview. We identified three distinct but related factors that mediated the translation of NOS views into classroom practice: the teachers’ perspectives about the developmental appropriateness of the NOS aspect, the teachers’ selection of target NOS aspects, and the relative importance placed by teachers on each NOS aspect.     

听证笔录在行政复议中的法律效力初探

听证笔录的法律效力问题是听证制度的关键所在。听证笔录的一般效力决定其在行政复议中的法律效力。听证笔录在行政复议中的法律效力主要表现在三个方面:听证笔录应当提交复议机关;听证笔录本身在行政复议中具有证据效力;听证笔录所反映的证据若无异议可以在行政复议中直接被适用。为实现听证笔录在行政复议中的法律效力,应完善行政复议法等相关法律制度。     

组织吸引力的影响因素元分析：基于过去25年研究的回顾

本文在对过去25年组织吸引力相关研究回顾的基础上,采用元分析的方法从工作的功能性特征、象征性特征,以及P-J匹配、P-O匹配等方面梳理和验证了组织吸引力的主要影响因素,探索和检验了上述因素与组织吸引力之间关系的潜在调节变量。元分析结果表明：功能性特征与组织吸引力显著相关,其中晋升机会(r=0.343)、薪资(r=0.327)与组织吸引力的相关性最高;象征性特征中,除强壮外,其他工作特征与组织吸引力均显著相关;P-O匹配(r=0.455)和P-J匹配(r=0.366)与组织吸引力之间的相关性较强;性别的调节作用显著,而研究对象和年龄的调节作用均不显著。研究还探讨了组织吸引力的未来研究方向及管理应用。