基于项目的多课程协同教学理念和实践

大学教育质量的提高有赖于教学方法的改进。本文在引入协同教学理念的基础上,阐述了基于项目的多课程协同教学的含义,提出了基于项目的多课程协同教学的具体实施方法。研究表明,采用基于项目的多课程协同教学,对于提高大学生的学习兴趣以及解决问题的能力有良好的效果。     

MenCare+ in South Africa: findings from a gender transformative young men’s group education on sexual and reproductive health and rights

This paper details findings from an evaluation of a gender-transformative sexual and reproductive health and rights group education programme facilitated with young men aged 15–24 years in South Africa. A total of 475 young men participated in the group education programme. A self-administered pre- and post-questionnaire survey was conducted with a sample of the participants, and focus group discussions were facilitated. A total of 265 young men completed both the pre and post-questionnaires. Findings from the surveys as well as the focus group discussions showed positive changes in gender equitable attitudes, contraception and condom use. Results indicate that the young men who participated in the group education learned to identify harmful gender norms and actively questioned these constructs both within their personal lives and in the broader community. The intervention enabled some participants to envision alternative versions of masculinity and femininity, thus enabling them to adopt a new way of being, with transformed attitudes concerning household and gender roles.     

不同健身运动处方对大学生健康体适能的影响

按《国家学生体质健康标准》测试的成绩,筛选出448名大学生自愿者为实验对象,有针对性地设计不同的健身运动处方,探讨实施不同健身运动处方对大学生健康体适能的影响,为大学生科学锻炼提供实验依据.结果表明:减肥健身运动处方,对大学生体重指数、肺活量体重指数产生积极影响,实验组实验前后差异明显,与对照组组间差异显著(P<0.05),强心运动处方干预对肺活量体重指数、台阶试验成绩有显著影响(P<0.01),壮力运动处方对男生握力体重成绩,女生一分钟仰卧起坐成绩影响显著(P<0.05)(P<0.01),增柔健身运动处方干预对坐位体前屈成绩产生积极影响(p<0.01).问卷调查显示:实施健身运动处方对大学生体育心理产生良好影响,实验组平均得分明显高于对照组(p<0.01).结论:实施健身运动处方能有效提高大学生健康体适能水平.     

PROSPECTIVE MEMORY TRAINING IN OLDER ADULTS

This study evaluates the results of a training program for prospective remembering. The goal of the training was to improve prospective memory by associating cues from the retrieval situation with the to be remembered information. The training group consisted of 20 participants, aged between 45 and 81 years. The effects of strategy training were compared with those of an educational training group (N = 23 , age range 45-84) directed at reducing worries about forgetfulness, and a retest control group (N = 22 , age range 46-74). The educational training and retest control groups did not differ in demographic characteristics and test performance and were combined into one control group. Subjective evaluations revealed that subjects were very satisfied with the effects of training. This also was true for subjects in the educational training condition. The objective effects of training were evaluated with a telephone task which had to be performed in the daily life situation, and a prospective categorization task performed in the laboratory. Despite the low reliabilities of the prospective tasks, a significant but small effect of training compared to the combined control group was found on the sum score of prospective tests. The training effect was not related to age or pretraining performance level. At the three months follow-up, however, performance of the control group had increased to the level of the trained group. As expected, training effects did not generalize to other memory measures (assessed with tests for remembering names) or control measures (assessed with visuo-motor reaction time tests).     

Dietary Fat Intake and Exercise Among Two- and Four-Year College Students: Differences in Behavior and Psychosocial Factors

Given the demographic differences among two-year colleges and four-year universities and the relatively limited access to health education and campus-based health resources, this study compares the frequency of limiting dietary fat intake and exercising among two- and four-year college students. A total of 2,265 undergraduate students aged 18–25 at a two-year college and a four-year university completed a 108-item online survey in October 2008. We found that two-year college students had less confidence, motivation, and intention to engage in healthy behaviors and reported fewer close friends who exercise regularly but more friends who eat high-fat foods. After controlling for age, gender, ethnicity, and parental education, two-year (versus four-year) college students less frequently limited dietary fat (F(2,2227) = 21.64, p < .001) and less frequently exercised ≥ 20 minutes a day (F(5,2232) = 14.21, p < .001). Thus, research should focus on developing interventions targeting the different psychosocial factors that influence nutrition and exercise among two-year college students.     

Spatial memory in rats: Resistance to retroactive interference

Treatments that interfere with animals’ short-term retention (e.g., in delayed matching-to-sample) were studied using a spatial memory task. Rats performed in an eight-arm radial maze in which choosing each arm without repetition was the optimal behavior. Performances were interrupted between fourth and fifth choices for a delay of 15 sec to 2 min. A variety of events occurring during the delay interval did not disrupt memories for prior choices (as assessed by the accuracy of postdelay choices). The ineffective treatments included variations in visual and auditory environments, removal from the maze, food consumed during the delay, a distinctive odor added to the maze, or combinations of these manipulations. Additionally, performance on another spatial task (a four-arm maze) during the delay between Choices 4 and 5 did not interfere with performance in the eight-arm maze. These findings suggest that rats’ memories for spatial locations are immune to retroactive interference, at least within the range of conditions reported, and that the rat can successfully segregate memories for spatial locations established in different contexts.     

基于学生关键能力培养的高职“应用写作”课程行动导向教学实践探讨

高职学生关键能力培养主要有整体、基础、渗透和独立四种策略。作为高职基础课的"应用写作"在实现培养学生的写作及表达能力这一课程能力目标之外,还可以从渗透策略角度出发,运用行动导向教学法培养学生的沟通能力、合作能力、创业能力、掌握信息技术等关键能力。