Simultaneous changes in seed size,oil content and protein content driven by selection of SWEET homologues during soybean domestication

Soybean accounts for more than half of the global production of oilseed and more than a quarter of the protein used globally for human food and animal feed. Soybean domestication involved parallel increases in seed size and oil content, and a concomitant decrease in protein content. However, science has not yet discovered whether these effects were due to selective pressure on a single gene or multiple genes. Here, re-sequencing data from >800 genotypes revealed a strong selection during soybean domestication on GmSWEET10a. The selection of GmSWEET10a conferred simultaneous increases in soybean-seed size and oil content as well as a reduction in the protein content. The result was validated using both near-isogenic lines carrying substitution of haplotype chromosomal segments and transgenic soybeans. Moreover, GmSWEET10b was found to be functionally redundant with its homologue GmSWEET10a and to be undergoing selection in current breeding, leading the the elite allele GmSWEET10b, a potential target for present-day soybean breeding. Both GmSWEET10a and GmSWEET10b were shown to transport sucrose and hexose, contributing to sugar allocation from seed coat to embryo, which consequently determines oil and protein contents and seed size in soybean. We conclude that past selection of optimal GmSWEET10a alleles drove the initial domestication of multiple soybean-seed traits and that targeted selection of the elite allele GmSWEET10b may further improve the yield and seed quality of modern soybean cultivars.     

Wearable skin-like optoelectronic systems with suppression of motion artifacts for cuff-less continuous blood pressure monitor

According to the statistics of the World Health Organization, an estimated 17.9 million people die from cardiovascular diseases each year, representing 31% of all global deaths. Continuous non-invasive arterial pressure (CNAP) is essential for the management of cardiovascular diseases. However, it is difficult to achieve long-term CNAP monitoring with the daily use of current devices due to irritation of the skin as well as the lack of motion artifacts suppression. Here, we report a high-performance skin-like optoelectronic system integrated with ultra-thin flexible circuits to monitor CNAP. We introduce a theoretical model via the virtual work principle for predicting the precise blood pressure and suppressing motion artifacts, and propose optical difference in the frequency domain for stable optical measurements in terms of skin-like devices. We compare the results with the blood pressure acquired by invasive (intra-arterial) blood pressure monitoring for >1500 min in total on 44 subjects in an intensive care unit. The maximum absolute errors of diastolic and systolic blood pressure were ±7/±10 mm Hg, respectively, in immobilized, and ±10/±14 mm Hg, respectively, in walking scenarios. These strategies provide advanced blood pressure monitoring techniques, which would directly address an unmet clinical need or daily use for a highly vulnerable population.     

逻辑经验主义的可证实原则述评

逻辑经验主义视可证实原则为判断任何命题(或陈述)是否具有意义的根本方法和重要标准。可证实原则包含经验证实和逻辑证实两方面内容。本文通过阐明可证实原则的合理性及其难以克服的缺陷,从而说明逻辑经验主义在寻求意义判定标准上的失败。     

十年来国内幼儿教师专业发展研究的热点、趋势及展望——基于CiteSpaceⅡ可视化分析

统计中国知网2003—2013年的相关文献,运用可视化工具Cite SpaceⅡ绘制图谱可以发现,十年来该领域研究热点主要集中在幼儿教师专业发展背景、对象、内容、方式四方面;今后研究趋势主要有相关理论知识的引入、专业成长路径的探索、国外先进经验的借鉴、新型教师培训方式以及信息技术与幼儿课程整合的探讨。面向现实,我国幼儿教师专业发展研究应注重理论与实践结合、外控式专业发展与内驱式自我发展统一、国外知识借鉴与国内经验总结结合、个体成长与集体发展共赢、传统载体与新型平台整合。     

AutoCAD图纸自动批阅和复制检测系统的研究与开发

实验和具体应用表明,AutoCAD图纸自动批阅和复制检测系统,能够有效减少学生复制作业的行为,降低了教师的工作量,并且批阅的结果较准确,提升了教学的质量.     

从合作原则的违反看中国传统相声的幽默效应

中国传统相声通常使用特定的修辞手法如隐喻、反语、夸张和谐音等,打破合作原则,生成会话隐义.这些"不合作"话语与相声中特定的情景因素重合,从而产生一种幽默滑稽的语言效果,使相声语言更加丰富多彩、诙谐有趣,从而增强了相声的艺术表达效果.     

“中国昆曲美醉了!”

2015年2月14日是又一个浪漫的情人节。中国北方昆曲剧院应美国罗格斯大学孔子学院的特别邀请,来到美国新泽西州罗格斯大学尼格拉斯音乐中心作专场文化交流演出,受到当地观众的热烈追捧。演出之前,节目主持人用英文和中文向观众朋友们介绍了昆曲的起源、发展过程和表演形式,还专门介绍了昆曲的华丽服装及服饰,并介绍了为昆曲伴奏的主要中国传统乐器如     

试谈盈亏分析法在管理审计中的应用

在管理审计中，可以应用盈亏分析法对被审计单位的生产经营计划或工程项目进行考核、评价，据以改善管理，提高经济效益。本文除对盈亏分析法作了一般阐述外，着重通过例示介绍了在生产一种产品情况下盈亏平衡点的图示法、公式计算法，以及在生产多种产品情况下盈亏平衡点的公式计算法的应用。     

谈钢琴演奏中的音乐想象力

在钢琴演奏中具有丰富的音乐想象力才能体验音乐作品的情感内涵，正确塑造艺术形象，使音乐充满活力。本文就钢琴作品演奏中，如何对作品进行分析理解、发挥音乐想象提出几点看法。     

论在中学化学教学中如何渗透绿色、环保教育

从梳理中学化学教材中绿色、环保教育的知识点入手, 在课堂教学过程、研究性学习、实验课及课外活动等四个方面阐述了中学化学教育渗透绿色、环保教育的具体做法。