Preoccupied and Avoidant Coping during Middle Childhood

Prior research on attachment to caregivers during middle childhood has failed to include assessments of the divergent coping styles that insecure attachment can take. In this study, self-report scales were developed to assess children's preoccupied coping (strong need for mother during stress but inability to be soothed by her) and avoidant coping (denial of need for mother and avoidance of her during stress). The scales were administered to 229 boys and girls in the third through seventh grades (mean age 11.3 years) and were associated in theoretically meaningful ways with peers' reports of the children's adjustment at school. The advantage of including assessments of coping style in studies of attachment-adjustment relations in middle childhood is noted.     

Review Essay: Addressing the Epidemic of Epidemics: Germs,Security, and a Call for Biocriticism

CAPTAIN JOHN SMITH: HIS LIFE AND LEGEND. By Bradford Smith. Philadelphia: The J. B. Lippincott Company, 1953; pp. 375. $5.00.

PETER E. DIETZ: LABOR PRIEST. By Mary Harrita Fox. Notre Dame: University of Notre Dame Press, 1953; pp. ix+285. $4.75.

THE LEGISLATIVE PROCESS IN CONGRESS. By George G. Galloway. New York: The Thomas Y. Crowell Company, 1953; pp. xii+689. $6.00.

THE YALTA BETRAYAL. By Felix Wittmer. Caldwell, Idaho: The Caxton Printers, Ltd., 1953; pp. 135. $1.25.

A GUIDE TO HELP THE SEVERELY HARD‐OF‐HEARING CHILD. By Helen Hulick Beebe. Basel, Switzerland: S. Karger, 1953.

SPEECH COMPOSITION. By William Norwood Brigance. (Second Edition). New York: Appleton‐Century‐Crofts, Inc., 1953; pp. vii+385. $3.00.

YOU'RE THE SPEAKER. By Vera Gough. New York: William Morrow &; Company, 1954; pp. 158. $2.50.

INTERPRETATIVE READING. By Sara Lowrey and Gertrude E. Johnson. (Revised Edition). New York: Appleton‐Century‐Crofts, Inc., 1953; pp. xvii+595. $3.75.

HEALTH AND SAFETY PLAYS AND PROGRAMS. By Aileen Fisher. Boston: Plays, Inc., 1953; pp. viii+267. $3.50.

PARKER'S TELEVISION PLAYS. By Kenneth T. Parker. Minneapolis: The Northwestern Press, 1954; pp. 245. $2.75.

WEIRD TALES OF OLD JAPAN. By Eisaburo Kusano. Tokyo: Tokyo News Service, Ltd., 1953; pp. iii+127. $2.50.

GUIDE TO AMERICAN LITERATURE AND ITS BACKGROUNDS SINCE 1890. By Howard Mumford Jones. Cambridge: Harvard University Press, 1953; pp. 151. $1.50.

TOWARD A DEMOCRATIC WORK PROCESS. By Fred H. Blum. New York: Harper &; Brothers, 1953; pp. xxi+229. $3.50.

HOW TO BE A BOARD OR COMMITTEE MEMBER. By Roy Sorenson. New York: Association Press, 1953; pp. 64. $1.00.

PARLIAMENTARY PROCEDURE MADE EASY: A VISUAL AID BASED ON ROBERT'S RULES OF ORDER. By Rheva Ott Shryock. Ellenton, Florida: College Offset Press, 1953; pp. 16. $2.50.

TEACHING SPEECH IN THE SECONDARY SCHOOL. By Karl Robinson. (Second Edition). New York: Longmans, Green and Company, 1954; pp. vii+438. $4.25.

PSYCHOLOGY IN THE NURSERY SCHOOL. By Nelly Wolffheim. Translated by Charles L. Hannam. New York: The Philosophical Library, Inc., 1953; pp. 144. $3.75.     

Introducing bedside handovers: changing practice on a coronary care unit

This article outlines a potential problem a sister in a coronary care unit had in relation to introducing a change to the use of bedside handovers which involved the patient. Action research as a means of supporting the participants in the change process is explored and a rationale for choosing a particular action research approach is provided. Its implementation, progress and the eventual outcome are described along with a critique of the process. Recommendations in relation to the utilisation of bedside handovers in critical care areas and the support provided to nurses wishing to review and change practice are made.     

Electromyographic analyses of the erector spinae muscles during golf swings using four different clubs

The purpose of this study was to compare the electromyography (EMG) patterns of the thoracic and lumbar regions of the erector spinae (ES) muscle during the golf swing whilst using four different golf clubs. Fifteen right-handed male golfers performed a total of twenty swings in random order using the driver, 4-iron, 7-iron and pitching-wedge. Surface EMG was recorded from the lead and trail sides of the thoracic and lumbar regions of the ES muscle (T8, L1 and L5 lateral to the spinous-process). Three-dimensional high-speed video analysis was used to identify the backswing, forward swing, acceleration, early and late follow-through phases of the golf swing. No significant differences in muscle-activation levels from the lead and trail sides of the thoracic and lumbar regions of the ES muscle were displayed between the driver, 4-iron, 7-iron and pitching-wedge (P > 0.05). The highest mean thoracic and lumbar ES muscle-activation levels were displayed in the forward swing (67–99% MVC) and acceleration (83–106% MVC) phases of the swing for all clubs tested. The findings from this study show that there were no significant statistical differences between the driver, 4-iron, 7-iron and pitching-wedge when examining muscle activity from the thoracic and lumbar regions of the ES muscle.