Academic Libraries and Copyright: Unveiling Inadequacies of Current Law Through the Analysis of Processes Included in Quality Management Systems

Most information resources that make up university library collections are copyrighted works, which means that conflicts between such rights and the activities of libraries are common. The development of the digital setting has affected both sectors. On the one hand, it has led to changes in copyright legislation; on the other, it has affected the services provided by libraries, as they adapt to the new needs of users and to the characteristics of digital information. This paper aims to discover where the main points of collision between the two sides lie, and to what extent they are adequately resolved by the present legislation governing copyright. To this end we use a list of the main processes of academic libraries taken from quality manuals of a sample of Spanish university libraries. The results make manifest that the evolution of both sides is not yet balanced, and important maladjustments interfere with an adequate provision of services in academic libraries. Some are resolved through new legal proposals, but for many others there is no proper solution in sight.     

“Salúd,Amigos”: Negotiating Border History in Rural and Farm Radio of the Rio Grande Valley

The southernmost area of Texas, known as the Rio Grande Valley, is largely absent from histories of early radio. The social, political, and economic history of the Valley from 1848 to the 1950s prompts the authors to approach the region’s broadcast history from the context of rural and farm radio. The papers of broadcaster Bradford Smith, housed at the Margaret H. McAllen Memorial Archives at the Museum of South Texas History, provide an entryway for Valley radio to become part of the larger body of rural and farm radio scholarship. Smith’s radio reports emphasize the centrality of localism for remote communities, and they provide competing narratives about the region’s modern identity and its Mexican roots.     

Feasibility and students' preliminary views on parkour in a group of primary school children

Background: Adventure education is an instructional model where students participate in adventurous activities to acquire physical, cognitive, and affective skills. It also has strong connections with cooperative learning. Parkour is a fast-growing sport practiced by thousands of youngsters all over the world. The media does not portray it as an educational content, but resourcefulness, maturity, cooperation, and respect are among its basic principles. It also appears to have a direct connection with risk-taking, self-discipline, and autonomy.

Purpose: The purpose of this paper is to assess students' ideas, views, and/or feelings after experiencing a parkour learning unit.

Participants and settings: The research project was conducted in an intact, sixth-grade physical education class in an elementary school located in the northern part of Spain. A total of 26 students with ages ranging between 11 and 12 years (mean age 11.4?±?0.6) participated in the study. There were 14 boys and 12 girls.

Data collection: At the end of the intervention programme, all participating students were asked to ‘Describe your feelings, your thoughts, and your ideas on the parkour learning unit that you just experience in physical education'.

Data analysis: MAXQDA 11, a qualitative software package, was used to assist with data management. All participants' answers were analysed via thematic content analysis and constant comparison.

Findings: Five major categories emerged from data analysis: enjoyment, fear, social skills, problem-solving skills, and integration. Our findings agree with previous researchers who believe that parkour could be considered an educational content due to all the different positive outcomes that it brings to the physical education class. It seems to promote the development of social and problem-solving skills in the students. Both are competences that should be encouraged and fostered in our youngsters. Furthermore, it is considered a fun activity, it promotes students' integration, and it teaches them how to cope with fear.

Conclusion: In contrast to popular views portrayed by the media, the sport of parkour can be a safe, educational content. School cannot turn its back on sports or contents whose popularity is rapidly increasing.     

Hacia un lenguaje gráfico en la enseñanza

En este trabajo se parte del supuesto de que el uso de recursos gráficos, además de ser positivo, está creciendo continuamente en la enseñanza. Con el fin de facilitar la utilización de recursos gráficos en la realización de transparencias, mapas mentales, mapas conceptuales, resúmenes, etc., se proponen unas reglas básicas que constituyen en sí mismas un lenguaje gráfico     

Conditioning of tentacle lowering in the snail (Helix aspersa): Acquisition, latent inhibition, overshadowing, second-order conditioning, and sensory preconditioning

In a series of related experiments, we studied associative phenomena in snails (Helix aspersa), using the conditioning procedure of tentacle lowering. Experiments 1A and 1B demonstrated a basic conditioning effect in which the pairing of an odor (apple) as the conditioned stimulus (CS) with the opportunity to feed on carrot as the unconditioned stimulus (US) made snails exhibit increased levels of tentacle lowering in the presence of the CS. Experiments 2 and 3 showed that the magnitude of the conditioning was reduced when snails were exposed to the CS prior to the conditioning trial (a latent inhibition effect). Experiment 4 examined the effects produced by pairing a compound CS (apple—pear) with food presentations and demonstrated the existence of an overshadowing effect between the two odors. Experiment 5 revealed that pairing one CS with another previously conditioned stimulus increased tentacle lowering to the new CS (a second-order conditioning effect). Finally, Experiment 6 showed that pairing two odors prior to conditioning of one of them promoted an increase in tentacle lowering in response to the other (a sensory preconditioning effect). The results are discussed in terms of an associative analysis of conditioning and its implications for the study of cognition in invertebrates.