网络资源共享视阈下的汉语报刊阅读教材编写

造成汉语报刊阅读教材出版周期长、时效性差的主要原因,是由于以往人工搜集整理语料的方法既费时又费力。编写者应该充分利用现代信息手段,即网络资源,不但能够大大地缩短教材的编写周期,而且便于将固定教材的使用与补充教材的选择有机地结合在一起,提高教材的编写质量。     

THE RANGE OF AN AGENDA

The Central Institute for Higher Education of Berlin is introduced and a short history of the institution is given. Founded in 1982, it is an example of a centralized national centre for research on higher education, having had responsibility for higher education research in the whole of the former German Democratic Republic. In order for the Institute to survive in the new, reunited Germany, it has had to change its strategies and the scope of its investigations which will now be arranged around four major fields of investigation. Having acquired great expertise in the study of higher education in the former German Democratic Republic and also having done work on the higher education systems of the other European socialist countries, the Institute is currently well suited to continue its specialization in eastern European higher education affairs and to make very positive contributions in the future.     

Knee joint forces during downhill walking with hiking poles

The aim of this study was to determine external and internal loads on the knee joint during downhill walking with and without hiking poles. Kinematic, kinetic and electromyographic data were collected from eight males during downhill walking on a ramp declined at 25 degrees. Planar knee joint moments and forces were calculated using a quasi-static knee model. The results were analysed for an entire pole-cycle as well as differentiated between single and double support phases and between each step of a pole-cycle. Significant differences between downhill walking with and without hiking poles were observed for peak and average magnitudes of ground reaction force, knee joint moment, and tibiofemoral compressive and shear forces (12-25%). Similar reductions were found in patellofemoral compressive force, the quadriceps tendon force and the activity of the vastus lateralis; however, because of a high variability, these differences were not significant. The reductions seen during downhill walking with hiking poles compared with unsupported downhill walking were caused primarily by the forces applied to the hiking poles and by a change in posture to a more forward leaning position of the upper body, with the effect of reducing the knee moment arm.     

Stichwort: Hermeneutik — Bildung — Wissenschaft

Ohne Zusammenfassung