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1.
Françoise Tondre 《Higher Education in Europe》1990,15(1):35-45
This article examines the operation and the results of TRUC, the Transfrontier Regional University Co‐operation Programme which was launched by the CC‐PU of the Council of Europe more than two years ago. It is a response to the growing recognition that regions which straddle international frontiers play an important political and economic role in Europe and that regional university‐industry links can contribute to the economic viability of such regions. Projects which were initiated in eight out of nine designated regions are examined. The conclusion is that in some cases the existence of pre‐existing regional political and financial agreements can stimulate the implementation of inter‐university agreements. 相似文献
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Stéphanie Peltier Françoise Benhamou Mamoudou Touré 《Journal of Cultural Economics》2016,40(4):393-412
A growing body of literature is devoted to testing the reality of the “long-tail” phenomenon. This literature is mostly, if not exclusively, focused on the impact of Internet on the distribution of sales by product. However, the long tail also raises the issue of a possible change in the usual market structure of cultural industries: an oligopoly with a competitive fringe. To our knowledge, no paper addresses the following question: If the long-tail effect does exist, is it of more benefit to small or dominant publishers? The aim of this paper was to address this issue in the context of the French publishing industry. Our main findings are as follows: (1) the market concentration of the French book industry is lower online than offline and (2) the difference in concentration between the two channels of distribution tended to widen over the period 2004–2010. Strategies adopted by leading publishers on the Web do not allow them to maintain the market share obtained with bricks-and-mortar retailers. Furthermore, we show that the market share lost by dominant firms is captured by small publishers online and by medium-sized publishers in conventional stores. 相似文献
5.
Hugo Sarmento Paul Bradley M. Teresa Anguera Tiago Polido Rui Resende Jorge Campaniço 《Journal of sports sciences》2016,34(7):621-629
The aim of this study was to quantify the type of offensive sequences that result in goals in elite futsal. Thirty competitive games in the Spanish Primera Division de Sala were analysed using computerised notation analysis for patterns of play that resulted in goals. More goals were scored in positional attack (42%) and from set pieces (27%) compared to other activities. The number of defence to offense “transitions” (n = 45) and the start of offensive plays due to the rules of the game (n = 45) were the most common type of sequences that resulted in goals compared to other patterns of play. The central offensive zonal areas were the most common for shots on goal, with 73% of all goals scored from these areas of the pitch compared to defensive and wide zones. The foot was the main part of the body involved in scoring (n = 114). T-pattern analysis of offensive sequences revealed regular patterns of play, which are common in goal scoring opportunities in futsal and are typical movement patterns in this sport. The data demonstrate common offensive sequences and movement patterns related to goals in elite futsal and this could provide important information for the development of physical and technical training drills that replicate important game situations. 相似文献
6.
Angel Ric Robert Hristovski Bruno Gonçalves Lorena Torres Jaime Sampaio Carlota Torrents 《Journal of sports sciences》2016,34(18):1723-1730
The aim of this study was to identify the dynamics of tactical behaviour emerging on different timescales in football small-sided games and to quantify short- and long-term exploratory behaviour according to the number of opponents. Two teams of four professional male footballers played small-sided games against two different teams with a variable number of opponents (3, 5 and 7). Data were collected using a combination of systematic observation and a non-differential global positioning system (15 Hz). The temporal diversity and structural flexibility of the players were determined by calculating the dynamic overlap order parameter q, entropy and trapping strength. Analysis of the exploratory dynamics revealed two different timescales, forming a different metastable landscape of action for each constraint. Fast dynamics lasted on average a few seconds and consisted of changes in tactical patterns. The long timescale corresponded to the shared tasks of offence and defence lasting tens of seconds. The players’ tactical diversity decreased with an increasing number of opponents, especially in defence. Manipulating numerical imbalance is likely to promote changes in the diversity, unpredictability and flexibility of tactical solutions. The fact that the temporally nested structure of constraints shaped the emergence of tactical behaviour provides a new rationale for practice task design. The manipulation of numerical imbalance on the timescale of a few tens of seconds, on which the exploratory behaviour of players saturates, may help coaches to optimise the exploratory efficiency of the small-sided games. 相似文献
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Maxime Caru François Lalonde Hugo Gravel Chantal Daigle François Tournoux Vincent Jacquemet 《European Journal of Sport Science》2016,16(8):1005-1013
The protective action of remote ischaemic preconditioning (RIPC) has been demonstrated in the context of surgical interventions in cardiology. Application of RIPC to sports performance has been proposed, but its effect on the electrocardiogram (ECG) during exercise remains unknown. This exploratory study aims to measure the changes in ventricular repolarization observed during exercise following RIPC in healthy subjects. In an experimental randomized crossover study, 17 subjects underwent two bouts of constant load exercise tests at 75% and 115% of gas exchange threshold (GET). Prior to exercise, they were allocated to either control or RIPC intervention with four cycles of 5?min of ischaemia followed by 5?min of reperfusion. ECG was continuously recorded during the protocol. QT and RR intervals were measured every 30?s (on an average tracing of the preceding 10?s). Although the time course of RR intervals did not differ between the two interventions (p?=?.56 at 75% GET and p?=?.74 at 115% GET), a significant shortening of QT intervals (measured from Q onset to T end) was observed during exercise (mean?±?standard deviation of RIPC vs. control: ?32?±?19?ms at 75% GET (p?.001) and ?34?±?12?ms at 115% GET (p?.001)) as well as during recovery (?21?±?8?ms at 75% GET (p?.001) and ?16?±?11?ms at 115% GET (p?.001)). This effect was not present at rest. These RIPC-related changes were clearly identifiable on the QT–RR loops after hysteresis reduction. RIPC therefore induces heart rate-independent shortening of QT intervals that is revealed during exercise. 相似文献
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Iouri Bernache-Assollant Yves Chantal Patrick Bouchet Marie-Françoise Lacassagne 《European Journal of Sport Science》2016,16(6):719-725
Prior work on the relationships between team identification and spectators’ reactions to one's team victory has largely neglected the potential effects of mediating variables. In this research, we proposed that the process of Basking in Reflected Glory [BIRGing – the tendency to reduce the distance between oneself and one's team; Cialdini, R. B., Bordon, R. J., Thorne, A., Walker, M. R., Freeman, S., &; Sloan, L. R. (1976). Basking in reflected glory: Three (football) field studies. Journal of Personality and Social Psychology, 34, 366–375] would lead spectators to almost take ownership of victories and share its benefits, thereby impacting their sense of national belonging in a positive manner. To this end, participants (N?=?73) were asked to watch an edited video clip showing a victory of the French national rugby team playing against South Africa. As expected, results revealed that BIRGing mediated the relationship between team identification and one's sense of national belonging. In closing, a number of implications are discussed along with future research avenues pertaining to the sport spectatorship literature. 相似文献
9.
da Silva Cláudia Sampaio Corrêa Teixeira Marco Antônio Pereira Cardoso Paulo Fernández-Navarro Pablo Gonçalves Miguel M. Duarte Maria Eduarda 《International Journal for Educational and Vocational Guidance》2020,20(3):635-652
International Journal for Educational and Vocational Guidance - This case study of an undecided university student has two aims: to assess the effect of life design career counselling on... 相似文献
10.
Peer relations across 2 contexts (in school and after school) were examined for 577 participants, approximately 12 years old, from 3 middle schools in Milan, Italy. The primary research questions were: Do peer networks from different contexts uniquely contribute to explaining variance in individual behavior? Do measures of peer preference and peer network inclusion across contexts uniquely contribute to explaining individual depressive symptoms? Structural equation models showed that both the in-school and the after-school peer networks uniquely contributed to explaining variance in 2 types of individual problem behavior (in-school problem behavior, after-school delinquency), and that similarity with the 2 peer networks varied according to behaviors specific to each context and across gender. Finally, both in-school and after-school peer network inclusion contributed to explaining variance in depressive symptoms, after controlling for classroom peer preference. 相似文献