On ‘Politics,Markets, and American Schools‘

This paper traces the trajectory of New Labour education policy since the formation of the first New Labour government in 1997. During that time the policy discourse has moved from a position of individualized school improvement through competition, to one where there is an emphasis on ‘partnership’ and ‘collaboration’ as key mechanisms for improvement. We note, however, that ‘specialism’, ‘diversity’ and ‘choice’ are still key components of policy and that ‘partnership’ often denotes a deficit model, with more successful schools supporting (or in some cases taking over) less successful ones. Although there are the beginnings of a recognition that social class and social deprivation are factors which make achievement at school more problematic, generally New Labour policy has not attempted to alleviate the tendency to social polarization which has emerged as a result of school choice policies.     

Testing,French Style

Teachers are novices at any stage of their careers when they are faced with incidents that disrupt their expected patterns of teaching and learning. A first-day-of-school incident experienced by the author illustrates the evolution of a teacher's personal pedagogical theory construction, which is ultimately illuminated through the lens of Nel Noddings's ethic of care.     

THE FIRST 20 YEARS OF THE UNIVERSITY OF OREGON CENTER FOR GERONTOLOGY

At 20 years of age the University of Oregon Center for Gerontology is one of the oldest academic gerontology centers in the nation. The origins of the center and its accomplishments are highlighted in this paper. Also discussed are the center's current design, including both the continuities and the changes that have characterized its development.     

Toward a Theory of School Effectiveness and Leadership

ABSTRACT

The research on school effectiveness and school improvement lacks theoretical development. The purpose of this paper is to contribute to the construction of a theory of school effectiveness and leadership. The contribution made here is in the form of a typology of school effectiveness. In the early stages of theoretical development, typologies are often useful devices for organizing what is known and for focusing attention on important questions and areas for further exploration. Within the typological framework offered here, school effectiveness is supposed to be a function of three major factors: administrative appropriateness, teacher preparedness and student readiness. While parents and community effects are important, they are assumed to be mediated by these three factors. The most ineffective schools are those in which the administration is inappropriate, the teachers are not prepared to teach and the students are not ready to learn. In the most effective schools, the opposite is the case. Schools tend to move back and forth between these two extremes in stages. It is hypothesized that there are eight stages of school effectiveness, the stages ranging from the most ineffective to the most effective school.     

Plowden aims

This article focuses primarily on the challenges of one multicultural classroom. The underlying intentions of the exercise are, however, somewhat wider than this may suggest. The article initially notes that some urban teachers have felt undervalued in recent years and then seeks to identify how the demands of complex urban classrooms can be explained effectively. It is in pursuit of this objective that attention turns to a multicultural class taught for one year. Factors which made the task of teaching the class both complex and rewarding are identified and analysed. Use of the concept of ‘complexity’ is then clarified through brief reference to wider reading. This paves the way for consideration of the potential value of the approach adopted at a time when some urban teachers are vulnerable to unfair criticism rooted in ignorance and arrogance. It is hoped that the article may help to combat the prejudice which far too many urban teachers continue to face.