The book availability study as an objective measure of performance in a health sciences library

In its search for an objective overall diagnostic evaluation, the University of Illinois Library of the Health Sciences' Program Evaluation Committee selected a book availability measure; it is easy to administer and repeat, results are reproducible, and comparable data exist for other academic and health sciences libraries. The study followed the standard methodology in the literature with minor modifications. Patrons searching for particular books were asked to record item(s) needed and the outcome of the search. Library staff members then determined the reasons for failures in obtaining desired items. The results of the study are five performance scores. The first four represent the percentage probability of a library's operating with ideal effectiveness; the last provides an overall performance score. The scores of the Library of the Health Sciences demonstrated no unusual availability problems. The study was easy to implement and provided meaningful, quantitative, and objective data.     

Electromyographic analysis of bow string release in highly skilled archers

A predominant archery coaching tenet holds that the most effective means of releasing the bow string is by relaxation of the finger flexor muscles without activation of finger extensors. To evaluate the validity of this view, EMG patterns of the flexor digitorum superficialis and extensor digitorum muscles of the draw arm were examined using surface EMG electrodes in 15 highly skilled archers as each performed six shots. Each archer displayed consistent EMG patterns from shot-to-shot and two distinct flexor-extensor patterns were exhibited by the sample. The first, characterized by eight of the archers, supported the relaxation principle. For these archers, both flexor and extensor digitorum activity decreased markedly immediately prior to or at arrow release. The second pattern, characteristic of the remaining seven archers, contradicted the coaching tenet. While the flexor digitorum pattern was essentially the same as that described for the first pattern, the extensor digitorum displayed a marked increase in activity just prior to release, indicating that string release was facilitated by an active extension of the fingers. It was concluded that highly skilled archers do not predominantly reflect a release consistent with the coaching canon and that factors other than the string release mechanism discriminate the performances of skilled archers.     

Intellectual self-mutilation

[The] business man is generous to a fault, but one thing he does demand of all teachers and lecturers and journalists: if we're going to pay them our good money, they‘ve got to help us by selling efficiency and whooping it up for rational prosperity? And when it comes to these blab-mouth, fault-finding, pessimistic, cynical University teachers, let me tell you that during this golden coming year it's just as much our duty to bring influence to have these cusses fired as it is to sell all the real estate and gather in all the good shekels we can. Sinclair Lewis. Babbitt.     

PUBLIC APPROVAL OF ENVIRONMENTAL PROTECTION AND OTHER NEW SOCIAL MOVEMENT GOALS IN WESTERN EUROPE AND THE UNITED STATES

The environmental movement is one of the most successful socialmovements of the twentieth century, and a key reason for itssuccess has been strong public approval of the movement's goalof environmental protection. This paper reports cross-nationaldata on public approval of environmental protection relativeto approval of the goals of other major ‘new social movements’—theanti-nuclear power movement, the nuclear disarmament movement,the women's movement, the human rights movement and the animalrights movement—in Western Europe and the United States.The data come from a 1990 ‘lifestyles and attitudes’survey conducted by Gallup for Reader's Digest, based on nationallyrepresentative samples in the United States and seventeen Europeannations, and show higher public approval for environmental protectionthan for the goals of other new social movements.     

浅谈田径教学中的优化组合

在总结传统教学经验的基础上，对教师的知识结构、教学内容、教学方法、实践性教学以及教学评价等进行优化组合，指出优化组合是田径教学改革的关键，优化教师知识结构是田径教学改革的前提和基础，优化课程结构和教学内容是田径教学改革的重点。     

2002世界杯足球决赛中国队守门员位置防守技术运用分析

主要运用观察和统计归纳的方法，对中国队参加第17届世界杯足球赛决赛阶段比赛的守门员位置防守技术运用情况进行分析。结果表明，判断选位与反应能力的不足，导致中国队守门员防射门技术运用失误增多，防守的成功率降低；比赛中中国队守门员把握出击的能力低，出击欠灵巧机变，强对抗条件下难以有效发挥位置防守优势，守门员技术稳定是心理稳定的体现，训练实践中既要加强守门员意识引导，更要加强守门员意志的培养，努力改变比赛中守门员技术不过硬的现状。     

论中长跑的早期化训练

对少年儿童在中长跑项目的早期化训练问题，从中长跑项目的本身特点和少年儿童的身体发育特点方面进行了分析和探讨，认为中长跑项目的早期化训练是可行的，也是必要的，并提出了进行早期化训练应注意的问题。