Developing Faculty Research Skills: Lessons Learned

ABSTRACT

The purpose of this reflective commentary is to describe and analyze how efforts were made to engage polytechnic nursing faculty in a multi-institutional, interprofessional research project, and the effectiveness of methods used. We describe the professional development and project management activities provided along with our reflection as to their effectiveness. The faculty members worked at a polytechnic, a small vocational and technical institution in Western Canada with approximately 14,000 full-time students, where faculty were not required to participate in research. Assumptions were made about their interest, knowledge, and ability regarding the research process. These assumptions led the investigators to implement professional development activities that were not effective. Spontaneous informal, anecdotal feedback from some faculty members to the authors, and the authors’ own observations, informed the results. Assumptions about novice faculty research skills may not be accurate; therefore, an effort should be made to perform a pre-assessment of these skills, to create a lesson plan, to assess the effectiveness of teaching strategies, and to evaluate the effectiveness of supportive measures in order to address learning needs.     

我国幼儿园社会教育的进展、问题及改进策略

社会教育作为幼儿全面发展教育的重要内容之一,近年来有了长足的进步。社会教育成为幼儿园一个独立的课程领域,明确了幼儿园社会教育的目标和内容,并认识到社会教育应促进幼儿社会认知、社会情感、社会行为等方面的和谐发展,观照了幼儿自身发展的需要。但在实际教育活动中,幼儿园社会教育还存在着一些问题,如将社会教育简单化、表面化,忽视对幼儿社会态度的培养,社会教育的整体性、随机性体现得不够,幼儿社会教育某些目标及内容起点、要求偏高,对幼儿个性品质的某些方面重视不够等。改进幼儿园社会教育,需要强化幼儿社会教育观念,拓展幼儿社会教育课程领域,改进幼儿社会教育方法。     

多媒体教学中的认知机制

多媒体教学是一种以多媒体传播媒体为手段,以人的感官为通道,以呈现模式的多样化为特征的现代化教学途径和方式。目前,研究者多从传播媒体、呈现模式和人的认知过程通道三个角度探讨多媒体教学。在多媒体教学中,学习者的学习过程主要发生在工作记忆中,因此,在探讨多媒体教学的认知机制时,一般比较关注工作记忆,其中,贝特利的工作记忆成分学说可以解释多媒体教学过程中的认知机制。多媒体教学要为学习者提供多重刺激,既要有听觉信息和视觉信息,更重要的是应让多种感觉通道编码协同作用,这是提高多媒体教学效果的一个重要条件。     

Randomized controlled trial of effectiveness of pedometers on general practitioners' attitudes to engagement in and promotion of physical activity

Abstract

Pedometers have been identified as a tool for health professionals to promote physical activity. This study, which aimed to evaluate the effectiveness of wearing a pedometer on general practitioners' attitudes to promoting physical activity, was a pragmatic, multi-centred, randomized controlled trial within a primary care trust in England. The participants were 102 general practitioners (GPs). Eighty-five (48 males, 37 females) of the GPs completed pre and post questionnaires, 43 of whom were in the intervention group. Statistical analysis revealed no significant changes between the control and intervention groups for attitude to engage in physical activity (t ₈₃ = 1.13, CI ?0.362 to 0.099) or attitude to promote physical activity in their patients (t ₈₃ = 1.7, CI ?0.593 to 0.045). A higher volume of walking was significantly correlated with a more positive attitude to engage in physical activity (r = 0.58, P < 0.01) but not with a more positive attitude to promoting physical activity. Wearing a pedometer had no significant effect on GPs' attitudes to engaging in physical activity or promoting physical activity in their patients.     

Effective practices for creating transformative informal science education programs grounded in Native ways of knowing

There are a growing number of informal science education (ISE) programs in Native communities that engage youth in science education and that are grounded in Native ways of knowing. There is also a growing body of research focusing on the relationship between culture, traditional knowledge, and science education. However, there is little research documenting how these programs are being developed and the ways in which culture and Western science are incorporated into the activities. This study outlines effective practices for using Native ways of knowing to strengthen ISE programs. These effective practices may also be used to promote change in formal education. The authors combine an overview of current research in informal science education with personal interviews with educators engaged in ISE programs offered to youth both on and off tribal reservations as well as experts in Indigenous education. Participating individuals and programs included Native communities across the United States, including Alaska and Hawai??i. Keeping in mind that each community is unique, ISE programs that are grounded in Native ways of knowing will benefit by utilizing the effective practices outlined here as a guide for starting or strengthening existing ISE programs relevant to the needs of their communities.     

核心稳定性在人体运动中的作用

在体育运动中,核心的主要作用是稳定身体、是肌肉发力的基础,这一点日益得到公认。从跑步到投掷等各项体育运动中,稳定的核心是有效发挥人体生物力学功能的关键因素,从而使肌肉发力最大化并最大限度减小关节负荷。我们将核心肌群的功能理解为中枢神经系统预设的程序,这个程序整合局部的、单关节和多个关节上的肌群活动,在保持整体稳定的同时完成体育动作。近端的稳定性是远端灵活性的基础,在这个基础上可以建立从近端向远端的发力模式,并且可以通过肌群的协同作用力在完成远端动作的同时保护远端关节。评估动态核心能力是一项重要任务,其中包括对躯干特定功能和三维运动能力的评估。运动康复训练计划应该包括核心能力的重建,并且应该将核心视为远端肢体运动的基础。     

科技图书版式设计的原则与方法

为能对图书起到烘托和诱导的作用，从科技图书版式设计的特点出发，介绍科技图书版式设计的原则和方法。     

Shared places,separate spaces: constructing cultural spaces through two national languages in Finland

Finland is a bilingual country with 2 national languages, Finnish and Swedish. The Swedish-speaking school institution aims to protect the minority language by maintaining a monolingual school space. In this article, the construction of linguistic and ethnic difference in educational discourse and practice related to the national languages in Finland is analyzed by using discourse analysis, feminist and post-structural theories. By analyzing ethnographic data and public debate, we argue that discursive and material practices related to spatiality have a significant role in constructing difference and otherness in the Finnish school context. Essentialist categories are produced but also contested from the positions within the cultural spaces at school and in society at large.