Self-reported symptoms and risk factors for digital ischaemia among international world-class beach volleyball players

The prevalence of ischaemia-related symptoms is remarkably high among elite indoor volleyball players. Since the exposure to sport-specific demands may be higher in beach volleyball compared to indoor volleyball, the aim of this study was to assess the prevalence of ischaemia-related symptoms and associated risk factors among world-class beach volleyball players. Therefore, a questionnaire survey was performed among beach volleyball players active during the 2013 Grand Slam Beach Volleyball in the Netherlands. In total, 60 of the 128 beach volleyball players (47%) participated: 26 males and 34 females from 17 countries. The self-reported prevalence of cold or blue or pale digits in the dominant hand during or immediately after practice or competition was 38% (n = 23). Two risk factors were independently associated with symptoms of blue or pale digits: more than 14 years playing volleyball (odds ratio (OR) 4.42, 90% confidence interval (90% CI) 1.30–15.07) and sex (female) (OR 4.62, 90% CI 1.15–18.57). In conclusion, the prevalence of symptoms associated with digital ischaemia is high among international world-class beach volleyball players. Female sex and the length of the volleyball career were independently associated with an increased risk of ischaemia-related symptoms. The high prevalence of these seemingly innocuous symptoms and possible associated risk factors warrant regular monitoring since early detection can potentially prevent thromboembolic complications and irreversible tissue damage.     

Quality of life perception of basketball master athletes: association with physical activity level and sports injuries

This study aimed to verify the prevalence and characteristics of sports injuries (SI) and determine the association between the physical activity level (PA) and SI with perception of health-related quality of life (HRQoL) in Brazilian basketball master athletes. A cross-sectional study was conducted with 410 male master athletes, between 35 and 85 years of age (mean 52.26, SD ±11.83). The HRQoL was assessed using the Medical Outcomes Study – Short Form-36. The PA was evaluated using the International Physical Activity Questionnaire. Information regarding SI was collected using the Reported Morbidity Survey. Poisson regression, as estimated by the prevalence ratio (PR), was used as a measure of the association of PA and SI with HRQoL. The majority of athletes showed a high SI prevalence (58.3%) and reported one injury (67.8%) that occurred during training (61.1%) and primarily affected a lower limb (74.6%). The adjusted regression models showed a positive association of PA with the Functional Capacity (PR = 1.46, 95% confidence interval [CI] = 1.12–1.90) and Physical Component (PR = 1.32, 95% CI = 1.03–1.70) of HRQoL. Furthermore, the SI were negatively associated with HRQoL in Functional Capacity (PR = 1.85, 95% CI = 1.51–2.27), Physical Aspects (PR = 3.99, 95% CI = 3.08–5.18), Pain (PR = 1.65, 95% CI = 1.26–2.16), Social Functioning (PR = 1.79, 95% CI = 1.41–2.27), Emotional Aspects (PR = 4.40, 95% CI = 3.35–5.78), Mental Health domains (PR = 1.37, 95% CI = 1.06–1.68), Physical Component (PR = 2.35, 95% CI = 1.90–2.90) and Mental Component (PR = 2.65, 95% CI = 2.14–3.29). These results highlighted that master athletes showed a high SI prevalence, primarily in the lower limbs. PA positively correlates with the physical HRQoL domain, whereas SI may decrease the HRQoL levels of both physical and mental domains.     

Neuromuscular and technical abilities related to age in water-polo players

Testing is one of the important tasks in any multi-step sport programme. In most ball games, coaches assess motor, physical and technical skills on a regular basis in early stages of talent identification in order to further athletes’ development. The purpose of the study was to investigate anthropometric variables and vertical jump heights as a free throw effectiveness predictor in water-polo players of different age groups. Two hundred and thirty-six young (10–18 years) male water-polo players partitioned into three age groups underwent anthropometric variables’ measures and squat- and countermovement-jump tests, and performed water-polo free throws. Anthropometric variables, vertical jump heights and throw speed – as a proxy for free throw effectiveness – resulted different over age groups. Particularly, throw speed changed from 9.28 to 13.70 m · s^?1 (+48%) from younger to older players. A multiple-regression model indicated that body height, squat-jump height and throw time together explain 52% of variance of throw speed. In conclusion, tall height, high lower limb power and throwing quickness appeared to be relevant determinants for effective free throws. Such indications can help coaches during talent identification and development processes, even by means of novel training strategies. Further research is needed over different maturity statuses.     

基于ReHo方法的不同性别中国象棋大师静息态脑功能磁共振成像研究

基于ReHo分析方法从rs-fMRI角度探讨中国象棋高水平运动员的性别差异。收集第一届全国智力运动会中国象棋项目大师级运动员和匹配的对照人群,采集每位被试者的rs-fMRI数据,应用DPARSF软件分析脑区局部一致性信息。结果发现女大师右侧额上回(BA10)和右侧额内侧回(BA25)的ReHo值高于男大师,对照组男女无全脑ReHo值差异。结果说明男女中国象棋大师在右侧额上回和额内侧回的ReHo值差异可能反映了不同性别中国象棋大师在性别刻板印象和认知-情绪转换脑区的自发活动一致性差异。     

世俗化语境与世纪末中国文学

20世纪末，市场化世俗化已经成为当代语境，多种化观念在世纪末的化广场上肆意地狂欢，人们普遍感到一种精神上的迷失，而世纪末的中国学则沿着金钱的路标拾缀级而下，避免对历史对现实对未来的深层理性追问，放弃了守护人的精神家园的使命感，我们必须对世纪末中国学中的灰色倾向，宗教蛊惑倾向和价值失衡倾向进行反思与批判，以重建学的道德理论主义立场。     

农村中小学校本培训模式探析

为了确保农村校本培训顺利开展,必须对农村校本培训模式进行探讨,以便寻找最佳的培训模式,提高农村校本培训的实效性。将校本培训的基本理念内化为开展农村校本培训的实践,最关键且最直接的问题就是如何构建可实际操作和运行的农村校本培训模式,这对于广大农村中小学而言,更有意义。     

试论世风与体育的关系

体育快速协调发展,政治、经济、文化等起着重要作用。在文化方面,世风、习俗、传统等因素的影响也不容忽视。通过探讨世风与体育的关系,为进一步改善体育文化环境、促进体育全面发展提供理论依据。     

绿色化学浅谈

化学工业在给人类带来丰富的新产品的同时，也给人类带来了严重的环境污染。于是，绿色化学应运而生，绿色化学的理想在于不再使用有毒、有害的物质，不再产生废物，不再处理废物，它是一门从源头上阻止污染的化学。本文简要介绍了绿色化学的起源、特点、原则和研究进展。     

特殊鞅的q均方函数的增长速度

研究了Banach空间上X值特殊鞅的q均方函数的增长速度与X的q一致TC凸性的关系,从而用特殊鞅的q均方函数的增长速度刻划了抽象空间的结构．     

基于等级制的清代古建筑大式大木作模式化结构设计方法

采用数学表达式 ,为了解清代建筑等级制度以及大式大木作设计和构造提供了科学框架 .清代大式大木作采用预制构件 ,便于组装 ,依据严格的等级制度 ,具有高度标准化和模式化特点 .其设计过程是首先按等级确定基本模度 (斗口 ) ;再确定其平面开间、进深以及横剖面的攒数、跨度及檩数 ;最后选定屋顶形式 ,确定纵剖面与立面 .文中导出描述平面布局、屋面曲线、庑殿顶推山和歇山顶收山的数学表达式