新奖助政策下研究生学术创新评价体系研究

学术创新能力是研究生综合评价体系中的重要指标。本研究通过研究生教育改革背景下新奖助政策的调研,建立学术创新评价指标体系,采用AHP法确定指标权重,对各个学院研究生学术创新状况进行定量判断,为研究生评奖评优、学术创新发展提供依据和指导。     

汉语译文中标点符号使用特征:基于语料库的研究

书面汉语中的标点符号与英语中的标点符号相比,有相同之处,也有不同的地方。在翻译过程中,译者常会遇到源语标点符号在译文中如何处理的棘手难题。源语中的标点符号表达的是特定语境下的语气与句法意义,如果随便将源语中的标点符号直接套用到译语中,这可能导致译语读来拗口、生硬,有时候甚至会出现歧义。可以说,译文中的标点符号是一种翻译腔标记。本研究考察了汉语可比语料库（LCMC与ZCTC）中标点符号的使用情况,发现在翻译过程当中,英语中部分标点符号的用法直接渗透到汉语中来,造成了汉语标点符号用法趋于英式化。研究重点比较了汉语中特有的顿号在两语料库中的分布,发现汉语母语语料库中顿号的使用频率远远高于其在汉语译语语料库中的使用频率,分析表明这是受“源语透过效应”的影响。     

The Global Ranking of the Publishing Industry 2009

More ‘global’, and much more digital than most would expect, the article presents trends and developments of the world’s largest cultural industry as mirrored in its Global Ranking.     

Lernen im freiwilligen Engagement und gesellschaftliche Partizipation

This contribution analyses the impact of young people’s work on political participation in adulthood on the basis of Dewey’s theory of democratic education and a theory of community service sketched by Reinders. Its primary goal is to examine whether the acquisition of specific skills and specific knowledge obtained in social and political institutions is as important for – or even more important than – future political commitment as the development of pro-social attitudes. Based on survey data (n = 2,052), these assumptions are tested using ordinal probit models. These models show that in addition to effects of changes in attitude, specific experiences in voluntary work seem to be important to promoting political participation. Political commitment is, therefore, indeed closely connected to learning and educational processes in the sense of Dewey.     

Vergleichbarkeit von Abiturleistungen

This article examines differences in the mathematics and English proficiency of academic-track students in Baden-Württemberg (N?=?3526) and Hamburg (N?=?3734), investigating whether and to what extent these differences are reflected in the Abitur grades the students are awarded. The article also examines the extent to which scores in centrally conducted examinations provide better comparability than do coursework grades. Multilevel analyses predicting coursework grades in mathematics revealed clear between-state differences, with students in Hamburg being awarded higher mathematics grades than comparably able students in Baden-Württemberg. These differences are partly attributable to frame of reference effects and their impact on teachers’ grading practices. No corresponding between-state differences were found for English. Mathematics examination scores provided a much better measure of student achievement than mathematics coursework grades. The findings are discussed in terms of meritocratic access to sought-after university and training places.     

二年制高职汽车维修与检测专业教学改革探索

随着我国汽车工业的快速发展,车辆保有量在快速增长,这给高职院校汽车维修与检测专业的生存与发展提供了前所未有的机遇.针对高职院校汽车维修与检测专业的现状和存在的问题,提出了二年制高职汽车维修与检测专业教学改革的思路.     

Pre-game hydration status, sweat loss, and fluid intake in elite Brazilian young male soccer players during competition

In this study, we assessed the pre-game hydration status and fluid balance of elite young soccer players competing in a match played in the heat (temperature 31.0 ± 2.0 ° C, relative humidity 48.0 ± 5.0%) for an official Brazilian soccer competition. Fluid intake was measured during the match, as were urine specific gravity and body mass before and after the game to estimate hydration status. Data were obtained from 15 male players (age 17.0 ± 0.6 years, height 1.78 ± 0.06 m, mass 65.3 ± 3.8 kg); however, data are only analysed for 10 players who completed the full game. The mean (± s) sweat loss of players amounted to 2.24 ± 0.63 L, and mean fluid intake was 1.12 ± 0.39 L. Pre-game urine specific gravity was 1.021 ± 0.004, ranging from 1.010 to 1.025. There was no significant correlation between sweat loss and fluid intake (r = 0.504, P = 0.137) or between urine specific gravity and fluid intake (r = -0.276, P = 0.440). We conclude that young, native tropical soccer players started the match hypohydrated and replaced about 50% of the sweat lost. Thus, effective strategies to improve fluid replacement are needed for players competing in the heat.     

Differenzielles Lehren und Lernen: eine Kritik

In this article, the differential learning approach introduced in 1999 by Wolfgang Sch?llhorn is critically examined. After positioning this concept in relation to the historical motor-action controversy between information processing and dynamical system theory, we put forward the arguments that consequences claimed for sport practice are not theoretically substantiated, that the tentative demarcation from cognitivism fundamentally fails, that the data presented stands on shaky ground and that, from a practice-related perspective, the approach manifests a severe lack of practicability. In consideration of disastrous consequences for sport practice as well as sport science, we suggest for future publications on differential learning to refrain from deficient and theoretically as well as empirically unsubstantiated recommendations for sport practice.     

Ausblick auf die Zukunft der Anti-Doping-Bewegung

The reinforced anti-doping efforts, which were initiated with the foundation of the World Anti-Doping Agency, stand before a next development step. With the amendment of the World Anti-Doping Code in 2015, critical choices are to be made in order to achieve global harmonization. In particular the repressive system has proved not to be optimized and access to education and prevention of doping also needs to be reconsidered. Based on the practical experiences of the Austrian anti-doping work and the examination of the present situation open and fundamental problem areas are identified in order to provide impetus and solutions for the international anti-doping efforts.     

BMI group-related differences in physical fitness and physical activity in preschool-age children: a cross-sectional analysis

In the Ballabeina study, we investigated age- and BMI-group-related differences in aerobic fitness (20 m shuttle run), agility (obstacle course), dynamic (balance beam) and static balance (balance platform), and physical activity (PA, accelerometers) in 613 children (M age = 5.1 years, SD = 0.6). Normal weight (NW) children performed better than overweight (OW) children in aerobic fitness, agility, and dynamic balance (all p <.001), while OWchildren had a better static balance (p < .001). BMI-group-related differences in aerobic fitness and agility were larger in older children (p for interaction with age = .01) in favor of the NW children. PA did not differ between NW and OW (p > or = .1), but did differ between NW and obese children (p < .05). BMI-group-related differences in physical fitness can already be present in preschool-age children.