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71.
Lena Lind 《欧洲特需教育杂志》2013,28(2):185-195
In this study 20 beginning special education teachers were asked to describe their experiences in general education settings. To provide data, each teacher completed approximately three electronic reflective journals during a school year and also participated in a phone interview, which was aimed to give in-depth information regarding the participants’ comments in the journals. The participants described their experiences in regard to collaboration with mainstream teachers, the delivery of the curriculum and the understanding of their role with reference to identity. They reported some good experiences but also many difficulties in their attempts to support pupils with special educational needs (SEN) and enhance their learning and participation in mainstream schools. Challenges in collaboration, the delivery of the curriculum and the development of teachers’ identity at the beginning of a career in special education are discussed. We argue that the teachers’ experiences are associated with the legislative educational system and the school culture which does not encourage collaborative practices but rather promotes individualism and leads to exclusive practices. 相似文献
72.
Gunter Lind 《International Journal of Science Education》2013,35(3):293-299
Summaries English As a result of the strongly historical discussion of the structure of science and its social role, the history of science has become indispensable educational subject matter. The fulfilment of the widely recognized requirement for scientific orientation of learning seems no longer possible without a conception of the history of science. Historical topics in science instruction were previously mostly limited to biographical notes. At best, occasional references can be found to the ‘discovery’ of laws considered by science as being of central importance. An explanation for this unsatisfactory situation must be the lack of appropriate instructional resources. This is especially true for the secondary‐school level. Thus, it is worthwhile to bring to mind a project which was completed in the USA several years ago, but which has so far not received much attention in Europe: the History of Science Cases by Leo E. Klopfer, which consists of nine teaching units in the history of science which are suitable for use in instruction at the ninth and tenth grades. 相似文献
73.
Rainer Wackermann Georg Trendel Hans E. Fischer 《International Journal of Science Education》2013,35(7):963-985
The background of the study is the theory of basis models of teaching and learning, a comprehensive set of models of learning processes which includes, for example, learning through experience and problem‐solving. The combined use of different models of learning processes has not been fully investigated and it is frequently not clear under what circumstances a particular model should be used by teachers. In contrast, the theory under investigation here gives guidelines for choosing a particular model and provides instructional sequences for each model. The aim is to investigate the implementation of the theory applied to physics instruction and to show if possible effects for the students may be attributed to the use of the theory. Therefore, a theory‐oriented education programme for 18 physics teachers was developed and implemented in the 2005/06 school year. The main features of the intervention consisted of coaching physics lessons and video analysis according to the theory. The study follows a pre‐treatment‐post design with non‐equivalent control group. Findings of repeated‐measures ANOVAs show large effects for teachers' subjective beliefs, large effects for classroom actions, and small to medium effects for student outcomes such as perceived instructional quality and student emotions. The teachers/classes that applied the theory especially well according to video analysis showed the larger effects. The results showed that differentiating between different models of learning processes improves physics instruction. Effects can be followed through to student outcomes. The education programme effect was clearer for classroom actions and students' outcomes than for teachers' beliefs. 相似文献
74.
Magnus Dencker Ola Thorsson Magnus K. Karlsson Christian Lindén Per Wollmer L. B. Andersen 《Journal of sports sciences》2013,31(13):1397-1402
Abstract Maximal oxygen uptake ([Vdot]O2max) is considered the optimal method to assess aerobic fitness. The measurement of [Vdot]O2max, however, requires special equipment and training. Maximal exercise testing with determination of maximal power output offers a more simple approach. This study explores the relationship between [Vdot]O2max and maximal power output in 247 children (139 boys and 108 girls) aged 7.9–11.1 years. Maximal oxygen uptake was measured by indirect calorimetry during a maximal ergometer exercise test with an initial workload of 30 W and 15 W · min?1 increments. Maximal power output was also measured. A sample (n = 124) was used to calculate reference equations, which were then validated using another sample (n = 123). The linear reference equation for both sexes combined was: [Vdot]O2max (ml · min?1) = 96 + 10.6 · maximal power + 3.5 · body mass. Using this reference equation, estimated [Vdot]O2max per unit of body mass (ml · min?1 · kg?1) calculated from maximal power correlated closely with the direct measurement of [Vdot]O2max (r = 0.91, P <0.001). Bland-Altman analysis gave a mean limits of agreement of 0.2±2.9 (ml · min?1 · kg?1) (1 s). Our results suggest that maximal power output serves as a good surrogate measurement for [Vdot]O2max in population studies of children aged 8–11 years. 相似文献
75.
The World Wide Web possesses unique characteristics that distinguish it in important ways from traditional commercial communications environments. Because the Web presents a fundamentally different environment for marketing activities than traditional media, conventional marketing activities are becoming transformed, as they are often difficult to implement in their present form. In this article, we discuss the idea that these changes portend an evolution in the ''marketing concept'' and argue that in order for marketing efforts to be successful in this new medium, a new business paradigm is required. In this new approach, the marketing function must be reconstructed to facilitate electronic commerce in the emerging electronic society underlying the Web. 相似文献
76.
77.
Tommy Lind 《Scandinavian Journal of Educational Research》2019,63(3):333-346
Governmental reforms since the early 1990s have acted as a push factor for starting new schools in Sweden and have created options for pupils to choose a school irrespective of municipal borders. This study highlights the upper secondary school system in small municipalities in northern Sweden since the late 1990s. The analysis shows that the reforms led to more schools, and thereby also to more competition in recruiting pupils both within and across municipal borders. When the cohorts started declining, the vulnerability of the school structure became obvious. The competition generated higher costs per capita and fewer available programs in small municipalities. Furthermore, it was noted that fewer pupils attending schools in small municipalities completed their education compared to those in larger municipalities. 相似文献
78.
Early experiences of maltreatment have long-term negative effects on children's compliance. This randomized clinical trial examined whether a brief preventative intervention (Attachment and Biobehavioral Catch-up; ABC) was effective in enhancing compliance in children who had been referred to Child Protective Services. Participants included 101 parent–child dyads who received either ABC or a control intervention when children were infants (M = 9.4 months old, SD = 6.1). When children were approximately 36 months old (M = 38.5, SD = 3.0), ABC children demonstrated significantly better compliance than control children. Further, parent sensitivity, measured 1 month post intervention when children were, on average, 18.4 months old (SD = 6.9) partially mediated the effect of ABC on child compliance at 36 months old. 相似文献
79.
Learning the `New, New Thing': On the role of path dependency in university structures 总被引:1,自引:1,他引:0
Georg Krücken 《Higher Education》2003,46(3):315-339
In current debates over thefuture of core institutions in a `knowledgesociety', universities figure most prominently. It seemsclear that they are crucial nodes in theoverall knowledge producing system, which, however,need to be repositioned and reformed.Therefore, the learning capacities ofuniversities are of central relevance. But howdo universities adapt to new challenges? Thecentral claim of the paper is that the rapidchange of pace at the level of higher educationdiscourse is hardly met at the level ofuniversities. Here, one has to take the path-dependentcharacter of their structures, practices andidentity concepts into account. Therefore, learning the`new, new thing' is a more cumbersomeprocess than might be expected at first sight.Empirical evidence for this claim is drawn fromthe institutionalization of technology transferoffices at German universities. Based on thesefindings, further general policy and researchperspectives on the role of path dependency inuniversity structures are discussed at the endof this paper. 相似文献
80.
Diana Lebherz-Eichinger Remy Schwarzer Michael C. Motal Daniel A. Klaus Andreas Mangold Hendrik J. Ankersmit Gabriela A. Berlakovich Claus G. Krenn Georg A. Roth 《Biochemia medica : ?asopis Hrvatskoga dru?tva medicinskih biokemi?ara / HDMB》2015,25(2):252-261