Clustering small-sized collections of short texts

The need to cluster small text corpora composed of a few hundreds of short texts rises in various applications; e.g., clustering top-retrieved documents based on their snippets. This clustering task is challenging due to the vocabulary mismatch between short texts and the insufficient corpus-based statistics (e.g., term co-occurrence statistics) due to the corpus size. We address this clustering challenge using a framework that utilizes a set of external knowledge resources that provide information about term relations. Specifically, we use information induced from the resources to estimate similarity between terms and produce term clusters. We also utilize the resources to expand the vocabulary used in the given corpus and thus enhance term clustering. We then project the texts in the corpus onto the term clusters to cluster the texts. We evaluate various instantiations of the proposed framework by varying the term clustering method used, the approach of projecting the texts onto the term clusters, and the way of applying external knowledge resources. Extensive empirical evaluation demonstrates the merits of our approach with respect to applying clustering algorithms directly on the text corpus, and using state-of-the-art co-clustering and topic modeling methods.     

Decolonising higher education curricula in South Africa: factoring in archives through public programming initiatives

South African higher education curricula are largely Eurocentric, to such an extent that indigenous knowledge is marginalised (Horsthemke in Transform High Educ 2(1)–9, 2017). Consequently, the decolonisation of university curricula has become a necessity. The nationwide ‘FeesMustFall’ student protests in 2015 and 2016 have underlined the need to address this matter urgently. Free quality education and the decolonisation of university curricula were among some of the students’ demands (Le Grange in SAJHE 30(2):1–12, 2016). Fundamentally, decolonising curricula involve a serious investigation of history and the strategising of future actions (Ngulube in Historia 47(2):563–582, 2002). Little is known about the potential role of archives in the process of decolonising higher education curricula in South Africa. Perhaps this can be attributed to a lack of awareness about archives and their significance in South Africa (Sulej in ESARBICA J 33:13–35, 2014). This paper explores the role of archives in the decolonisation of higher education curricula in South Africa. It appears that sub-Saharan scholars rarely consult archives (Onyancha et al. in ESARBICA J 32:67–77, 2013). Therefore, public programming is investigated as a means to get more members of the academic community to use archives as centres of critical inquiry. The relevant literature was consulted and discussed. Unique outreach or public programming initiatives will help the academic community to better understand the significance of archives in the decolonisation process.     

Spanish historic archives’ use of websites as a management transparency vehicle

Against the backdrop of Spain’s Transparency Act, this article discusses the presence or otherwise of a series of document types, proposed as management-related transparency indicators, on 61 (8 national and 53 provincial) historic archive websites. Although examples of good practice were identified, the information provided was found to be scant, in particular as regards lines of action, organisational objectives and yearly reports. The information most commonly provided on the websites included the collection classification chart, service use regulations and citizen charters. The inference drawn was that archives, so intently focused on their role in the application of the Act by the organisations they serve, neglect their own administrative obligations in respect of its provisions. The recommendation is that as government-funded and subsidised public service institutions, historic archives should exercise transparency by furnishing the information stipulated in the Act on their websites.     

“Seeking Information from the Lips of People”: oral history in the archives of Qatar and the Gulf region

The turn to oral history in Qatar and the Arabian (also known as Persian) Gulf is not a rejection of traditional archival authority as has been the case in other parts of the world. In the Gulf, oral history has been embraced out of a desire to fill the silences of the largely unwritten record attributable to previous low levels of literacy and strong oral traditions in the region. Today, oral history is seen as the best method to capture details about traditional ways of life during the pre-oil era. After discussing archival concerns about the evidentiary nature of oral histories, this paper explores how it has come to be a crucial documentation tool in the Gulf, adapted to the specific nation building and cultural heritage priorities of the region.     

Photonic orbital angular momentum with controllable orientation

Vortices are whirling disturbances, commonly found in nature, ranging from tremendously small scales in Bose-Einstein condensations to cosmologically colossal scales in spiral galaxies. An optical vortex, generally associated with a spiral phase, can carry orbital angular momentum (OAM). The optical OAM can either be in the longitudinal direction if the spiral phase twists in the spatial domain or in the transverse direction if the phase rotates in the spatiotemporal domain. In this article, we demonstrate the intersection of spatiotemporal vortices and spatial vortices in a wave packet. As a result of this intersection, the wave packet hosts a tilted OAM that provides an additional degree of freedom to the applications that harness the OAM of photons.     

指向关键能力培养的生物学作业设计与实践

关键能力是高考评价体系“四层”的考查重点,作业是能力培养的重要载体.本文对生物学作业进行模型化、流程化和进阶化的设计,目的是建构思维模型、领悟探究过程和训练逻辑思维,促进学生思维的发展,以落实关键能力的培养.     

信息化水平测度指标体系理论研究述评

本文主要从信息经济和信息社会角度,对国内外主要的信息化水平测度指标体系的形成理论和指标设计进行评述,指出这些指标体系的合理性和不足之处,进而提出信息化水平测度指标体系构建的理论基础以及选取指标时需要注意的问题。     

微博信息可信度分析研究综述

简述微博信息可信度研究的背景和意义,并对微博信息可信度分析等相关概念进行界定;对微博信息可信度的研究成果进行梳理,指出这些研究的不足,并认为微博信息可信度分析的关键问题是微博信息特征的提取和可信度分析方法的设计;结合微博信息的特点及已有研究成果,指出微博信息可信度分析的核心技术包括自然语言处理、社会网络分析、机器学习与数据挖掘等;最后总结全文,对微博信息可信度分析的未来发展方向进行展望,为进一步研究提供参考。     

基于供需融合理念打造学术期刊转型升级的全媒体经营业态

经营业态总体上反映一个产业的经营结构、供需关系、运营方式和发展战略,其合理性、科学性决定着产业市场运行模式的成败。近20年来我国学术期刊已逐步形成以纸质版、网络与电子版多元发布的全媒体出版产品结构,但这同一内容的2种版本却一直分别由不同的供应链各自定价发行,人为地将一个市场裂解为2个市场,造成了价格脱离价值、市场相互抵消、边际成本上涨、营销模式混乱的状态,严重削弱了期刊的市场主体地位,扭曲了产业生态,牵制了期刊和图书馆等信息服务机构的数字化转型升级与高质量发展。为根本上破解这一制约产业发展的全局性难题,应构建供需合作共赢的“刊-网-馆”融合运营模式,大幅度降低产业运行消耗,打造学术期刊数字版云出版、传播和服务与纸质版集约化生产发行和馆配相结合的全媒体经营业态。     

面向Y一代的大学图书馆用户服务

探讨了Y一代的概念、学习特征、对图书馆服务的需求,提出了大学图书馆针对Y一代用户改进服务的对策。