PPBS in higher education planning and management: Part II,the university of California experience

Part I provided an overview of PPBS, some discussion of PPBS implementation in the U.S. government, and a review of the arguments for adopting PPBS in postsecondary education and the various kinds of work that have been done toward this end. In part II, we discuss the experience of the University of California with PPBS from 1966 to 1971. Part III, to be published subsequently, will suggest some new departures in model construction and policy analysis which we believe represent a useful spirit in which further development can and should occur, and will also contain some general concluding observations.

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Résumé Dans la première partie, publiée antérieurement, on trouvait les principes généraux du PPBS (Program Planning Budgeting Systems) une discussion rapide de la mise en oeuvre du PPBS par les autorités gouvernementals aux Etats-Unis, quelques uns des arguments qui militent en faveur de l'adoption du PPBS dans l'enseignement post-secondaire ainsi que ce qui a été entrepris à cette fin. Dans la deuxième partie, nous soumettons à la discussion ce qu'a été l'expérience de l'Université de Californie en matière de PPBS de 1966 à 1971. La troisième partie, qui sera publiée ensuite, proposera quelques points de départ nouveaux pour la construction du modèle directeur et l'analyse des politiques; nous pensons qui'il s'agit là d'un point de vue utilisable qui peut et devrait donner lieu à de nouveaux développements; cette troisième partie présentera aussi quelques observations générales en forme de conclusion.

     

Depressive symptomatology in learning-disabled and nonlearning-disabled students

The present study examined the level of depressive symptomatology in a sample of 100 learning-disabled and nonlearning-disabled fourth-, fifth-, and sixth-grade students. Depressive symptomatology was assessed using the Children's Depression Inventory (CDI). In addition, students were rated by their classroom teachers on behaviors related to depression based on the DSM-III criteria. It was found that students identified as learning disabled obtained significantly higher scores on the CDI and the behavior rating scale than did children in the regular education classroom. There were no significant differences among grade levels for CDI scores, but a trend was noted. A significant difference was found among grade levels for the behavior rating scale scores. There was a significant positive correlation between CDI scores and teacher ratings of depressive characteristics.     

Follow-up of high-risk children identified in kindergarten through direct classroom observation

Sixty-one children, originally identified at the beginning of kindergarten on the basis of 4 distinct clusters of observable classroom behavior, were evaluated at completion of first grade. Teacher ratings and individual achievement test scores partially confirmed the predictive validity of the original clusters. Children in the nonrisk cluster continued to do well, while children in the high-risk cluster were still doing poorly in some areas. An unexpected finding was that children in another cluster, originally seen as nonrisk, also seemed to be in some difficulty. Concerns about specific aspects of observable behavior were discussed.