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141.
OBJECTIVE: To examine the relationship between parental history of substances use disorders (SUDs) and abuse potential. METHOD: Milner's (1986) Child Abuse Potential Inventory (CAPI) was administered to fathers and mothers (with and without histories of SUDs) of 10- to 12-year-old boys. RESULTS: Fathers and mothers with lifetime histories of SUDs had higher Abuse Scale scores and were more likely to score in the Elevated range (as determined by clinically significant cutoff scores) than parents without such histories. No differences were found between parents with current diagnoses of SUD and those with past (but not current) histories of SUD. Fathers and mothers with a partner who had a history of SUD were more likely to score in the Elevated range, regardless of their own SUD histories. Separate regression models revealed that, for both fathers and mothers, emotional dysregulation (positive and negative affectivity) predicted Abuse Scale scores. Additional contributors to Abuse Scale scores were SUD status in fathers, and lack of involvement with the child in mothers. CONCLUSIONS: History of SUDs in both fathers and mothers increases abuse potential. Contributors to abuse potential differed in fathers and mothers, underscoring the importance of examining parents separately in child maltreatment research. 相似文献
142.
T Padmanabhan 《Resonance》2007,12(2):4-16
The discovery of the cosmic microwave background radiation in 1965 was a defining moment in the history of cosmology — the
science that deals with the universe as a whole, its origin, evolution and future. This discovery was recognized with Nobel
Prizes to Penzias and Wilson in 1978. The Nobel Prize in Physics for 2006 further acknowledged the importance of the study
of this background radiation. The precise measurement of the spectrum of this radiation and its variation across the sky have
helped our understanding of the evolution of structures in the universe. This article explains these discoveries and their
importance.
T Padmanabhan is a professor at IUCAA, Pune. He is interested in all aspects of theoretical physics, and especially in those
in which gravity plays a role. 相似文献
143.
Research indicates that affective attitudes such as liking of a subject and confidence in one’s ability within a subject predict
academic performance. Generally, immigrant minority students have positive attitudes and often have low academic performance.
This study examines the self-efficacy and liking of subjects of New Zealand students and analyses the relationship of those
attitudes towards academic performance in mathematics, writing, and reading by self-reported ethnicity. Data were obtained
from the norming samples from the Assessment Tools for Teaching and Learning project in New Zealand. Of special interest are
the relationships between attitude and performance for Pasifika and Tongan students in New Zealand. Tongan and Pasifika students
had positive attitudes, but their mean scores were not significantly different to other ethnic groups except in writing for
Tongan students. Tongan and Pasifika students did have lower academic performance than majority and Asian immigrant students
in all three subjects. The correlation between liking and self-efficacy was fundamentally zero for Tongan and Pasifika students,
while it was weakly positive for majority and Asian immigrant students. Together these results question the power of self-efficacy
and liking attitudes to predict academic performance for immigrant students from agrarian or traditional societies. Further,
the data suggest that ‘school effects’ are most likely explanations for this relationship, rather than lack of attachment,
opposition, or deficiency theories. 相似文献
144.
The study examined the views of deaf and hard of hearing secondary-level students when asked about their preferences for deaf vs. hearing teachers. It also compared elementary- and secondary-level students' achievement scores based on the hearing status of their teachers. Deaf and hard of hearing secondary-level students showed greater preference for deaf teachers, with deaf students showing greater preference for deaf teachers than hard of hearing students did. No significant differences were found in the achievement levels of students based on differences in teacher hearing status. The study supports the limited research done in the past. 相似文献
145.
146.
Ryan T. Knowles 《教育心理学》2020,40(2):167-185
AbstractThis quantitative study tests the relationship between ideological classroom composition and perceptions of open classroom climate. Using data from the 2016 International Education Association’s International Civic and Citizenship Study, the study uses latent class analysis and multilevel regression modelling across five countries. First, latent class analysis identified students as low or high socioeconomic status. To assess ideological polarization, the gap between support for gender equality and ethnic rights was calculated between groups. Finally, a multilevel regression model measured the relationship between ideological polarization and students’ perception of open classroom climate. Across three countries, results found negative associations between increased polarization and perception of an open classroom climate. Additional testing identified that polarization modified the relationship between student socioeconomic status and perceptions of open classroom climate in Croatia. 相似文献
147.
148.
H. T. G. Van den Hurk A. A. M. Houtveen W. J. C. M. Van de Grift 《Reading and writing》2017,30(6):1231-1249
The relation is studied between teachers’ pedagogical content knowledge of reading and the quality of their subsequent classroom behaviour in teaching fluent reading. A confirmatory factor analysis model with two latent variables is tested and shows adequate goodness-of-fit indices. Contrary to our expectations, the results of structural equation modelling reveal a small but significant γ-value of .29, indicating that only 8% of the variance in teachers’ classroom behaviour in teaching fluent reading is accounted for by teachers’ pedagogical content knowledge of reading. Presumably teacher knowledge is not as stable and conclusive as one might think. More research is needed in determining the factors that work restricting for teachers in putting their knowledge into classroom practice. It is recommended that preservice and in-service teacher training should not be limited to transfer of knowledge, but should also assist teachers in designing and performing effective fluent reading instruction. 相似文献
149.
A model incorporating prerequisite mathematics performance and other variables deemed to be associated with learning elementary statistics (ES) is developed. The relationship between ES performance and the explanatory variables is well represented by the logistics form. Aptitude, effort and motivation are the only significant explanatory variables of ES performance. Since prerequisite mathematics is not significant, statistical thinking at the tertiary level may be mostly intuitive and non-mathematical. Students with low aptitude experience increasing returns to effort over the first half of the feasible effort interval, while high-aptitude students experience diminishing returns at all levels of effort. The levels of effort required to achieve a minimum pass are interpreted. 相似文献
150.
Patricia Jakubowski-Spector Richard Dustin Rickey L. George 《Counselor Education & Supervision》1971,10(3):242-250
Counselor education currently does not have a training model that is systematically employed and contains provisions for individual differences or promotes the development of programs for facilitating transfer of training. In the proposed model, counselor educators must decide which of the counseling student's thinking, feeling, and acting behaviors will become the focus of training efforts. The staff creatively implements its conceptualized behavioral curriculum goals through the application of learning principles to specified counseling student behaviors that are assessed to determine if whether or not the desired behavior changes are occurring. 相似文献