Cardiac Function Tests as Indexes of Fitness

Abstract

Ventricular function measurements such as the Tension Period (TP) and the Q to First Heart Sound Interval (Q-1HSI) have received increasing attention as possible simple indexes of a person's cardiovascular fitness. In order to evaluate the usefulness of these tests for measuring fitness, they were compared with fitness scores obtained using a standard fitness test. The fitness score (Physical Work Capacity-150) of 31 male subjects was determined and correlated with their TP and Q-1HSI measurements taken at rest. The results showed little correlation between the PWC-150 and the TP (r = .21) or between the PWC-150 and the Q-1HSI (R = .13). The resting heart rate actually showed a closer correlation with Physical Work Capacity (r = –.53) than did either of the ventricular function measurements. Thus, from the results obtained in this study, cardiac function tests do not appear to offer a good substitute for the more strenuous tests of cardiovascular fitness.     

Accelerated hydrothermal degradation of fibres of Phormium tenax (New Zealand flax)

Solid-phase microextraction (SPME)–gas chromatography (GC)–mass spectrometry (MS) has been applied to the analysis of acetic acid and furfural that are emitted from the fibres of Phormium tenax (Xanthorrhoeaceae) [New Zealand flax] during degradation. Accelerated hydrothermal ageing of fibres of the Ruawai cultivar of P. tenax for 55 days at 70 °C resulted in the production of acetic acid at a level greater or equal to 1.65 mg g^–1 fibre. This corresponds to only 8.5% of the acetyl groups present in the fibres. These groups are an important source of acetic acid, which is capable of damaging the fibres. The rate of production of acetic acid suggests that a heritage object made from the fibres of P. tenax, that was stored in damp ambient conditions, would undergo significant deterioration after a relatively short period. Other volatile products released during ageing included furfural, a series of short to medium chain aliphatic aldehydes that were derived from the oxidation of long chain unsaturated fatty acids on the fibres and a small group of products that were derived from carotenoids. The levels of furfural were determined to be approximately 0.75% of the potential production but at these levels, furfural could contribute to unpleasant odours from unventilated items. Fibres from six cultivars of P. tenax were found to release acetic acid and furfural all at the same rate. The levels of acetic acid that can be generated from these fibres are sufficiently high that low moisture levels and continuous change of air is required to minimize degradation of cultural objects that are made from these fibres and displayed in museum halls.     

Headship: A Case of Going for the Juggler

This paper explores the possibility of developing collaboration within and between schools and colleges as a way of subverting central government pressure to introduce greater competition between institutions. The paper examines the concept of collaboration, issues connected with its promotion, potential links between collaboration and state schooling as a public professional service, the relevant national and local policy contexts, and possibilities for collaboration within and between institutions. Some guidelines are offered for initiating inter‐institutional collaboration.     

THE CHANGING ROLE OF THE CENTRAL AGENCIES

Central agencies for Jewish education were developed along the model of the American public school system. They were to fulfill the same functions, in their unique settings, as the public schools board of education. The central agencies were assigned duties and tasks that could not be performed by single schools such as teacher certification, setting educational standards and teacher training.     

Films and Stars

The Citizen Kane Book (Boston: Little, Brown, 1971---$15.00)

Ronald Gottesman (ed.) Focus on Citizen Kane (Englewood Cliffs, N.J.: Prentice-Hall, 1971---$5.95/2.45)

Harry M. Guduld (ed.) Focus on D.W. Griffith (Englewood Cliffs, N.J.: Prentice-Hall, 1971--$5.95/2.45)

Thomas Quinn Curtiss' Von Stroheim (New York: Farrar, Straus & Giroux, 1971---$10.00)

Garson Kanin's Tracy and Hepburn: An Intimate Memoir (New York: Viking Press, 1971---$7.95)

Rudi Blesh's Keaton (New York: Collier, 1971 ---$2.95, paper)

Gerald Fine, Fatty (Los Angeles, author, 1971---$1.95, paper)

Ture Sjolander, Garbo (New York: Harper & Row, 1971---$12.00)

Joe Morella and Edward Z. Epstein's Lana: The Public and Private Lives of Miss Turner (New York: Citadel Press, 1971---$6.95)

Mary Astor's A Life on Film (New York: Delacorte Press,1971 ---$7.50)

Robert Wilson (ed) The Film Criticism of Otis Ferguson (Philadelphia: Temple University Press, 1971---$12.50)

Beverly Houston and Marsha Kinder Close-Up: A Critical Perspective on Film (New York: Harcourt, Brace &Javanovich, March 1972---$4.95, paper)     

Production Texts

Gerald Millerson's The Technique of Lighting for Television and Motion Pictures (New York: Hastings House, 1972—$17.95)

Kenneth Kenecht's Designing & Maintaining the CATV & Small TV Staio (Blue Ridge Summit, Pa.: Tab Books, 1972—$12.95

Harry F. Olson's Modern Sound Reproduction (New York: Van Nostrand Reinhold Co., 1972—$17.50)

Daniel M. Costigan's FAX: The Principles and Practice of Facsimile Communication (Philadelphia: Chilton Book Co., 1971—$10.00)

Edmund C. Arnold's Ink on Paper 2: A Handbook of the Graphic Arts (New York: Harper & Row, 1972—$10.95)

David L. Grey's The Writing Process: A Behavioral Approach to Communicating Information and Ideas Belmont, Calif: Wadsworth, 1972—$2.95, paper)

Hadley Read's Communication: Methods for All media (Urbana: University of Illinois Press, 1972—$6.95)     

Popular Illustration

Gerald McConnell and Gene Light's Illustrators 19 (New York: Hastings House, 1978—$26.50)

Evelyn and Leo Farland's Posters by Painters (New York: Abrams, 1978—$8.95, paper)

Robert R. Hartmann's Graphics for Designers (Ames: Iowa State University Press, 1976—price not given, spiral bound)

Peggy and Harold Samuels' The Illustrated Biographical Encyclopedia of Artists of the American West (Garden City, N.Y.: Doubleday, 1976—$25.00)

The Second Norman Rockwell Poster Book (New York: Watson-Guptill Publications, 19777—$6.95, paper)