浅谈学习策略在远程教育中的应用策略

在远程教育中,大多数学习者都面临着工作压力或是家庭负担,而且与教师之间长期分离,基本上都是自主学习。因此,能否掌握并运用较好的学习策略,决定了他们的学习效率与效果。本文从论证学习策略的重要性入手,针对远程学习者的学习特征,给出一些基本的学习策略,希望对远程学习者有所帮助。     

我党执政中自律系统与他律系统的结合类型研究

根据“三个代表”的重要思想和“与时俱进,开拓创新”的时代精神,运用组织健康运转原理,通过对我党约束机制进行历史性的分析,把自律系统和他律系统的结合类型可分为三种类型:利益一致直属相交型,利益对抗互不相容平行型和利益一致根部相交平行型,讨论了各种类型的特点和适用条件,并对我党的组织机构改善提出了合理化建议。     

高技能人才内涵解析

高技能人才的概念经历了从“匠人”、“技师”到“知识工人”的历史演变。高技能人才属于人才基础层次中的技能型人才类型，其工作是工程技术人才工作的后续，具有一般技能人才所不具备的精湛技艺以及解决复杂性、关键性和超常规实际操作难题的能力。其人才特征可概括为：应用性；手脑并用；技能强、素养高。     

试论先秦儒家道德教育特点、方法及其现实价值

先秦儒家道德教育从教育与自我教育两个方面突出强调一个“情”字,提倡道德教育要关心人的情感,要求道德主体从自己的内心体验,过渡到体贴对方的心情;强调道德主体“自德”精神和行为,对今天学校道德教育仍具有宝贵的借鉴意义。     

创新大学生德育的有效方法与途径研究

德育方法与途径是为德育内容服务的,随着教育内容、教育环境、教育对象的变化,方法与途径也要随之变化。德育方法与途径既需要继承已有的成功经验,又要不断创新。本文在阐述了创新德育方法与途径的必要性基础上,进一步阐述了创新的着眼点与创新的发展趋势。     

Proportionality Assumption in Latent Basis Curve Models: A Cautionary Note

Latent basis curve models (LBCMs) have been popular in modeling change when the change trajectories are unknown or nonlinear. The estimated change trajectories from LBCMs are often viewed as optimal and used as reference points against which other change trajectories are tested. However, there is a proportionality assumption underlying LBCMs that has received little attention from researchers. This study uses a Monte Carlo simulation to show that violation of this assumption can potentially result in substantially biased estimates of the means and variances of changes and covariate effects on these changes, leading to incorrect statistical inference. The implications of the simulation study are discussed and alternatives to LBCMs are suggested for use when the proportionality assumption is likely to be violated.     

Assessment of Communication Competencies in Engineering Design Projects

Reforms in engineering education have caused a shift from the traditional stand-alone course in technical communication for Engineering students towards communication training integrated in courses and design projects that allows students to develop four layers of competence. This shift creates opportunities for realistic and situated learning, but offers challenges for assessment of communication competence at student, course and program levels. On the basis of a detailed definition of communicative competence, three formats for integrated communication training are described: Linked to design projects, integrated in design projects and integrated at program level. Assessment of communication competence in these formats is constrained by their characteristics with regard to student motivation, individual and group work, and situated learning.     

Student Perceptions of Chemistry Laboratory Learning Environments, Student–Teacher Interactions and Attitudes in Secondary School Gifted Education Classes in Singapore

This study investigated the chemistry laboratory classroom environment, teacher–student interactions and student attitudes towards chemistry among 497 gifted and non-gifted secondary-school students in Singapore. The data were collected using the 35-item Chemistry Laboratory Environment Inventory (CLEI), the 48-item Questionnaire on Teacher Interaction (QTI) and the 30-item Questionnaire on Chemistry-Related Attitudes (QOCRA). Results supported the validity and reliability of the CLEI and QTI for this sample. Stream (gifted versus non-gifted) and gender differences were found in actual and preferred chemistry laboratory classroom environments and teacher–student interactions. Some statistically significant associations of modest magnitude were found between students' attitudes towards chemistry and both the laboratory classroom environment and the interpersonal behaviour of chemistry teachers. Suggestions for improving chemistry laboratory classroom environments and the teacher–student interactions for gifted students are provided.     

How to encourage a lifelong learner? The complex relation between learning strategies and assessment in a medical curriculum

Abstract

To foster lifelong learning skills, we need new didactic approaches with aligned assessment methods. Therefore, we investigated whether the outcomes of a project assignment show a different relation to learning strategies than a longitudinal knowledge-based assessment. We studied learning strategies of first year students of medicine and biomedical sciences (n?=?248) and performed hierarchical regression analyses for the learning strategies and grades of the longitudinal knowledge-based test and project assignment. Scores of students, measured with the Motivated Strategies for Learning Questionnaire (Likert scale 1–7), were relatively low for critical thinking (3.53), compared to rehearsal (4.40), elaboration (4.82), organisation (4.69) and metacognitive self-regulation (4.33). Knowledge based tests showed a significant relation to elaboration (p?<?0.01). For the project-based assessment, we did not find a significant relation to any learning strategy (p?=?0.074). Explained variance of the grades was low for all learning strategies (R² < 0.043). Different types of assessment did not discriminate between students with high or low scores on learning strategies associated with lifelong learning. An explanation is that the curriculum is not aligned with assessment, or students do not benefit in terms of grades. We conclude that, if assessment is to drive lifelong learning skills, this is not self-evident.     

宋代致仕官员恋栈现象及其原因探析

官员退休通称致仕等,是中国古代封建王朝的重要议题。经过各个时期的不断调整,宋朝致仕制度也逐渐臻于完善。有宋一代,虽则出现了以王彦超为代表的一批知止而退的致仕官员,但年及而愿退者依然较少,官员恋栈现象仍然时有发生。导致官员恋栈的原因是多方面的,就主观层面而言,部分及年应退官员,或基于生计考虑,或缘于贪恋权财,而故作不知退。就客观层面而言,宋朝致仕标准"朝令夕改",具有极强的随意性特点,既褒奖提前退休,又额外奖励按时致仕,亦或惩处或者认可到时不退者,使得官员面对如此繁杂的情况,属实不知该退还是不该退,有些无所适从。最终他们在善变的致仕制度中徘徊前进,不知所措。