面向科学认知提升的城乡规划教育改革研究

我国六十余年的城乡规划教育和学科实践实现了城乡规划基本原理知识的普及,并建立了以"城乡规划基本原理是常识"为基础的交流性、协作性规划共识。在城乡关系转型、生态资源环境约束、国家空间治理体系构建的时代背景下,推进规划教育改革、夯实学科基础、提升规划品质,已成为摆在规划教育工作者面前的现实问题。未来的规划教育将从原理知识普向科学认知提升转变。学科知识体系建构是核心,方法论体系建设是基本支撑,学科教育与跨学科教育的统一是主要路径。专业教学的改革也应从关注于以核心课为节点的链条式刚性强化,向整合提升认知水平、加强方法训练、推进学科交叉的螺旋式韧性提升过渡。这既是永葆学科科学性和生命力的必然选择,也是对应用型人才需求的现实回应。     

Differences in Brain Activation Between Novices and Experts in Science During a Task Involving a Common Misconception in Electricity

Science education studies have revealed that students often have misconceptions about how nature works, but what happens to misconceptions after a conceptual change remains poorly understood. Are misconceptions rejected and replaced by scientific conceptions, or are they still present in students' minds, coexisting with newly acquired scientific conceptions? In this study, we use functional magnetic resonance imaging (fMRI) to compare brain activation between novices and experts in science when they evaluate the correctness of simple electric circuits. Results show that experts, more than novices, activate brain areas involved in inhibition when they evaluate electric circuits in which a bulb lights up, even though there is only one wire connecting it to the battery. These findings suggest that experts may still have a misconception encoded in the neural networks of their brains that must be inhibited in order to answer scientifically.     

创新投入、政府支持与区域创新——基于创新价值链的视角

基于创新价值链视角,利用空间杜宾模型,采用2008—2017年我国30个省份的面板数据,实证检验我国创新投入、政府支持对区域创新不同阶段的影响。研究结果表明,区域创新在不同阶段都存在显著的空间自相关,不同阶段的创新投入、政府支持对区域创新的影响不尽相同:在科技研发阶段,R&D人员投入对区域创新存在"U"型非线性影响,R&D经费投入和政府支持对区域创新的影响呈倒"U"型分布;在成果转化阶段,政府支持对区域创新存在倒"U"型的非线性影响。     

论鲁洁先生教育人学思想的三维构成

教育人学思想是鲁洁先生教育思想的核心,也是中国教育理论的宝贵财富。人的超越性是教育人学思想的人性假设,它源于马克思的人之二重性假设,基于这一假设,教育要培养人之超越性,更要坚持自身的超越性。道德的追寻是教育人学思想的价值追求,因为人之超越的过程也是人之意义的实现过程,作为成人之道的道德为意义的实现指明了方向,相应地,这种指向“成人”的德育是充满魅力的,在人之卓越的实现中,德育也具有了一种享用功能。生活的回归是教育人学思想的实践要求,因为道德是在人的生活之中不断建构的。21世纪以来,鲁洁先生基于知识人和知识论德育的反思建构了生活论德育,并在德育新课程中进行了“回归儿童生活”的实践探索,彰显了教育人学思想的儿童立场。     

Does evaluating peer assessment accuracy and taking it into account in calculating assessor’s final score enhance online peer assessment quality?

Education and Information Technologies - Peer assessment has an important role in teaching and learning nowadays. However, the existing techniques tend to be limited due to a lack of a suitable...     

壳聚糖/SiO2复合材料制备及质子传导性能研究

采用浸渍法在二氧化硅多孔材料中负载壳聚糖制备壳聚糖/SiO2复合材料,通过X射线衍射、扫描电子显微镜、傅立叶变换红外光谱等方法对所制备材料的组成与结构进行了表征,采用热重-差示扫描量热法研究了复合材料的热稳定性,采用电流中断法测定所制备材料的电导率来衡量其质子传导性能,并考察了壳聚糖溶液浓度对壳聚糖/SiO2复合材料导电性能的影响。结果表明,壳聚糖/SiO2复合材料具有较高的热稳定性,复合材料的电导率随着壳聚糖乙酸溶液浓度的增加而增加,当壳聚糖乙酸溶液质量百分比浓度为2.5%时,电导率可达1.82 S/cm。     

TRIZ理论精髓及其对高职学生毕业设计创新的启示

TRIZ理论由前苏联发明家阿奇舒勒于1946年创立,并在随后的半个多世纪得到推广和运用。TRIZ理论分为三类:TRIZ的理论基础、分析工具和知识数据库。TRIZ理论体系主要包括创新思维方法与问题分析方法、技术系统进化法则、技术矛盾解决原理、创新问题标准解法、发明问题解决算法ARIZ。学习和研究TRIZ理论,有助于培养高职院校学生创新意识,提升高职学生创新能力,尤其对高职学生毕业设计创新具有重要的启示:即转变高职毕业设计理念,实现“小设计”“大创新”;开设发明问题解决课程,支撑学生创新能力培养;加强创新教师团队建设,强化学生毕业设计指导;完善毕业设计评价体系,将创新作为重要考核指标。     

Embedded programming and real-time signal processing of swimming strokes

The research outlined in this paper was conducted to allow real-time processing, transmission and presentation of data to swimming coaches and subsequently their swimmers in a training environment, focused on providing information relevant to strokes in free swimming. This was achieved using a wearable wireless sensor and embedded programming techniques, using accelerations involved in the swimming stroke to provide relevant features for coaches. Current methods used do not offer real-time response to coaches, which results in the lack of real-time feedback and significantly increased post-session analysis time. Filtering and signal processing algorithms are described here, which allow real-time data analysis to be embedded within a wireless sensor node. The system significantly reduces the time for processing acquired data and has delivered a novel monitoring device suitable for operation within the harsh environment of the pool.