教师文化的变革

当代教师文化可分为隔离型与合作型两种文化形态。在社会转型期，教师价值观念的碰撞、冲突推动了教师文化的变革：从文化“自在”到文化“自为”；从隔离型文化到合作型文化。当代教师文化的变革为重建教师文化提供了有益思路。     

Explaining student and home variance of Chinese reading achievement of the PIRLS 2011 Hong Kong

Hong Kong attained the top place in the Progress in International Reading Literacy Study (PIRLS) 2011, an international study of reading achievement, which arouses keen interest in understanding the reasons behind this remarkable achievement. Although factors associated with reading achievement in English have been widely studied, similar studies using Chinese as a different language system are limited. The present study proposes and tests a hypothetical model that attempts to explain the variance of reading achievement of Hong Kong pupils in the PIRLS 2011 study, focusing on parental and student factors. Data of 3,875 fourth graders from 132 primary schools and their parents or caregivers (n = 3,682) are involved in the analysis. Structural equation modeling supports the hypothesized model as tenable explaining 34% of the variance of reading achievement. Parental background acts as the fundamental factor that exerts an indirect effect on reading motivation, reading self‐efficacy, and reading achievement of students via books at home and early reading abilities. Reading motivation and reading self‐efficacy are found to be significant in influencing reading achievement. Implications for educational practices and future research are discussed.     

Multicultural Career Counseling: Ten Essentials for Training

In the past 20 years, several changes have taken place within the field of counseling and psychology with regard to practice and research with individuals from racial/ethnic groups. At the same time, the United States population has experienced a dramatic shift in its composition. Both have contributed to transformations in graduate training. This article will highlight salient aspects from the multicultural literature regarding culturally competent practice and apply it to the training of vocational counselors.     

A crosscultural validation of a test of science related attitudes

A test for measuring science attitudes, named Test of Science Related Attitudes (TOSRA), was initially developed in Australia by Fraser (1977, 1978). This study investigated the crosscultural validity of this instrument when used with American high school students. Three hundred and thirty-six students (12th and 11th graders) in three high schools in suburban Chicago took the test. The results of the study, confirming previous validation of the test, revealed that the seven subscales of TOSRA were, in general, highly reliable. The discriminant validity of each of these scales, however, was found to be generally low. The item/scale correlation for all but four items of the test met Shrigley's (Journal of Research in Science Teaching, 20 (1), 87–89, 1983) criterion of being more than 0.30. The results of the principal components with varimax rotation did not support the distinctiveness of the subscale structure of the test.     

固载杂多酸盐催化合成苯甲酸异戊酯

首次报道了以固载杂多酸盐TiSiW12O40/TiO2为多相催化剂，对以苯甲酸和异戊醇为原料合成苯甲酸异戊酯的反应条件进行了研究，实验表明：TiSiW12O40/TiO2是合成苯甲酸异戊酯的良好催化剂，最佳反应条件为：醇酸摩尔比为4：1，催化剂用量为反应物料总量的2.5％，反应时间为2.5h，上述条件下，苯甲酸异戊酯的产率可达83.3％。     

Low volume–high intensity interval exercise elicits antioxidant and anti-inflammatory effects in humans

The purpose of the present study was to compare acute changes in oxidative stress and inflammation in response to steady state and low volume, high intensity interval exercise (LV-HIIE). Untrained healthy males (n = 10, mean ± s: age 22 ± 3 years; VO_2MAX 42.7 ± 5.0 ml · kg^?1 · min^?1) undertook three exercise bouts: a bout of LV-HIIE (10 × 1 min 90% VO_2MAX intervals) and two energy-matched steady-state cycling bouts at a moderate (60% VO_2MAX; 27 min, MOD) and high (80% VO_2MAX; 20 min, HIGH) intensity on separate days. Markers of oxidative stress, inflammation and physiological stress were assessed before, at the end of exercise and 30 min post-exercise (post+30). At the end of all exercise bouts, significant changes in lipid hydroperoxides (LOOH) and protein carbonyls (PCs) (LOOH (nM): MOD +0.36; HIGH +3.09; LV-HIIE +5.51 and PC (nmol · mg^?1 protein): MOD ?0.24; HIGH ?0.11; LV-HIIE ?0.37) were observed. Total antioxidant capacity (TAC) increased post+30, relative to the end of all exercise bouts (TAC (µM): MOD +189; HIGH +135; LV-HIIE +102). Interleukin (IL)-6 and IL-10 increased post+30 in HIGH and LV-HIIE only (P < 0.05). HIGH caused the greatest lymphocytosis, adrenaline and cardiovascular response (P < 0.05). At a reduced energy cost and physiological stress, LV-HIIE elicited similar cytokine and oxidative stress responses to HIGH.     

Role of Calcium-Independent Phospholipase A<Subscript>2</Subscript> VIA in Mediating Neurological Disorder and Cancer

Calcium-independent phospholipase A₂ (iPLA₂) belongs to the group VI family of phospholipase superfamily (PLA₂) that catalyses the hydrolysis of glycerophospholipids at the sn-2 ester bond, producing unesterified fatty acids and 2-lysophospholipids. Research interests on iPLA₂ have not been as significant as those on secretary PLA₂ and cytosolic PLA₂. However, more efforts have been made recently on understanding the expression, regulation and biological function of iPLA₂. iPLA₂ plays important roles in several biological processes, including signal transduction, phospholipid remodelling, eicosanoid formation, cell proliferation, cell differentiation and apoptosis. Modulation of iPLA₂ activity can have prominent effects on cellular metabolism, central nervous system and cardiovascular functions. Thus, dysregulation iPLA₂ can play a vital role in the pathogenesis of several diseases. The aim of this review is to provide the current understanding of the structure, function and regulation of group VI iPLA₂ and highlight its potential mechanisms of action in mediating several neurological disorders and cancer.     

Exploring the structure of digital literacy competence assessed using authentic software applications

Educational technology research and development - Digital literacy competence (DL) is an important capacity for students’ learning in a rapidly changing world. However, little is known about...