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101.
In two experiments, the effects of feature identity in operant serial feature-positive discriminations were examined with rats. Rats were trained with two serial feature-positive discriminations (F1 → T1+/ T1? and F2 → T2+/ T2?), in which different operants were reinforced with delivery of a sucrose solution during two auditory target cues (T1 and T2). The features (F1 and F2) were two visual cues, two flavored sucrose solutions, or one visual cue and one sucrose solution. Transfer of a feature’s control to the target of the other discrimination was observed only when the features were from the same modality. When observed, transfer responding was of the form originally trained to the target, rather than the feature, and was preserved after feature extinction. Control groups showed that the differential transfer was not solely the consequence of differential feature generalization. Implications for theories of occasion setting are discussed. 相似文献
102.
Gillian Lathey 《Children‘s Literature in Education》2001,32(4):295-303
Children's perceptions of other cultures are formed, at least in part, by the books they read; yet the potential of children's literature in the UK as a site for international cultural exchange is limited by a lack of translations and a historical resistance in Britain toward the languages of the European continent. The Year of European Languages is an opportune moment to explore the reflection of this uneasy linguistic relationship in children's texts and to compare selected instances of the role of European languages in British children's fiction from the mid-twentieth century to the present day. 相似文献
103.
Graduate teaching assistants (GTAs) in the sciences are a common feature of U.S. universities that have a prominent mission of research. During the past 2 decades, increased attention has been paid to the professional development of GTAs as instructors. As a result, universities have created training programs to assist GTAs in selecting instructional methods, curricular formats, and assessments when they serve as laboratory, lecture, or discussion group instructors. Unfortunately, few studies explore the educational and instructional environment of GTAs in these reformed settings. This study was conducted to address this specific need. As a constructivist inquiry, qualitative methods were used to collect and analyze the data to elucidate the educational and instructional environment of science GTAs at a doctoral/research university in which various training programs existed. We found that GTAs worked autonomously, that traditional practices and curricula existed in laboratories, and that instructors frequently held limited views of undergraduates' abilities and motivation. Findings in this initial study about GTAs suggest that developers of GTA training programs draw on the literature regarding science teacher education, and that reward systems be instituted that recognize faculty and staff for their participation in GTA training programs. © 2004 Wiley Periodicals, Inc. J Res Sci Teach 41: 211–233, 2004 相似文献
104.
Gillian Boulton-Lewis 《Higher Education》1994,28(3):387-402
This paper is a report of the analysis of statements by 869 students and their 21 lecturers in 12 courses in 5 Faculties in the Queensland University of Technology (QUT). The students and lecturers were asked to write a page about learning. The objectives were to collect data to devise a taxonomy of levels of knowledge of learning held by tertiary students and lecturers and to use this to describe student knowledge to lecturers as a basis for planning for teaching. The statements were categorised, using the SOLO Taxonomy as a model (c.f., Biggs and Collis 1982, 1989), by two trained researchers and checked by the author and a consultant. The majority of responses for both students and lecturers were multistructural. A MANOVA for SOLO levels by deep, surface and achieving motives and strategies showed that as SOLO levels increased surface motives declined and deep motives and strategies assumed more importance. The key concepts in learning identified by a random sample of 100 students were further analysed and described for each SOLO level. A SOLO type model of levels of knowledge of learning is proposed, based on the structure of the responses. 相似文献
105.
This paper explores the relationship between education and domesticity within two different contexts. The first is the theoretical literature about the reproduction of domesticity within the education system — which in various ways suggests that the education of girls and women leads them towards domestic roles and low paid work. The second context is a study of mature women students, in which respondents saw education as leading them away from the traditional versions of domestic roles and into more rewarding paid employment. The paper concludes that the reproduction of social roles is contested and that the extension of education for women has real potential for destabilising traditional notions of femininity. 相似文献
106.
Peter Petocz Anna Reid Leigh N. Wood Geoff H. Smith Glyn Mather Ansie Harding Johann Engelbrecht Ken Houston Joel Hillel Gillian Perrett 《International Journal of Science and Mathematics Education》2007,5(3):439-459
In this paper, we report on an international study of undergraduate mathematics students’ conceptions of mathematics. Almost
1,200 students in five countries completed a short survey including three open-ended questions asking about their views of
mathematics and its role in their future studies and planned professions. Responses were analysed starting from a previously-developed
phenomenographic framework (Reid et al., 2003) which required only minor modification. Students’ conceptions of mathematics ranged from the narrowest view as a focus on
calculations with numbers, through a notion of mathematics as a focus on models or abstract structures, to the broadest view
of mathematics as an approach to life and a way of thinking. Broader conceptions of mathematics were more likely to be found
in later-year students (p<0.001) and there were significant differences between universities (p<0.001). The information obtained from the study not only confirms previous research, but also provides a basis for future
development of a monitoring questionnaire. 相似文献
107.
Jo Brownlee Donna Berthelsen Stephanie Dunbar Gillian Boulton-Lewis Pam McGahey 《The Australian Educational Researcher》2008,35(3):135-153
Epistemological beliefs (beliefs about knowing and knowledge) have provided interesting insights into effective teaching and
learning in higher education over the last 30 years. However, to date, little research has taken place in regard to teaching
and learning in the technical and further education (TAFE) context in Australia. Seventeen 1st and 2nd year child care students studying for a Diploma in Children's Services were interviewed about the nature of their epistemological
beliefs. The findings revealed new ways of thinking about evaluativistic beliefs, described as “practical evaluativism”. These
beliefs may have implications for the way in which students evaluate theory and practice for implementation in their own child
care practice. 相似文献
108.
A recurrent theme in sports economics is the extent to which overall league attendances will be raised by measures, such as revenue sharing, which aim to improve competitive balance. This debate has ignored the phenomenon of home advantage, which may, however, be important to the extent that, if all teams had equal talent, all matches may then be weighted heavily in favour of the home team. We present an analysis of the relationship between attendance and match-level uncertainty in the English Football League. A simulation from our model indicates that equality of playing talent would in fact lower aggregate attendance. This result is explained by the loss of prospectively the most uncertain games, where weak teams have home advantage over strong teams. 相似文献
109.
110.