Kinematic and electromyographic comparisons between chin-ups and lat-pull down exercises

The purpose of this study was to compare kinematics and muscle activity between chin-ups and lat-pull down exercises and between muscle groups during the two exercises. Normalized electromyography (EMG) of biceps brachii (BB), triceps brachii (TB), pectoralis major (PM), latissimus dorsi (LD), rectus abdominus (RA), and erector spinae (ES) and kinematics of back, shoulder, and seventh cervical vertebrae (C7) was analysed during chin-ups and lat-pull down exercises. Normalized EMG of BB and ES and kinematics of shoulder and C7 for chin-ups were greater than lat-pull down exercises during the concentric phase (p < 0.05). For the eccentric phase, RA during lat-pull down exercises was greater than chin-ups and the kinematics of C7 during chin-ups was greater than lat-pull down exercises (p < 0.05). For chin-ups, BB, LD, and ES were greater than PM during the concentric phase, whereas BB and LD were greater than TB, and LD was greater than RA during the eccentric phase (p < 0.05). For lat-pull down exercise, BB and LD were greater than PM, TB, and ES during the concentric phase, whereas LD was greater than PM, TB, and BB during the eccentric phase (p < 0.05). Subsequently, chin-ups appears to be a more functional exercise.     

Overview of innovations in organization for learning

Five approaches to organization for learning are reviewed: student grouping practices, nongrading, individualizing instruction, departmentalization in the elementary school, and cooperative teaching. The review relates these approaches to the accomplishment of eight basic instructional aims in the cognitive and affective areas. The critical review of each type of organizational plan considers problems of design, implementation, and evaluation. The general conclusion reached is that, while several of the approaches hold considerable promise for improving instruction, there usually are serious shortcomings in program design and implementation that prevent determining their potential contributions.

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Résumé Cinq voies d'accès à l'organisation de l'instruction sont passées en revue: techniques de groupement d'élèves, non-gradation, instruction individualisante, mise en départements en école élémentaire, et enseignement co-opératif. L'étude rapporte ces approches à l'accomplissement de huit buts fondamentaux d'instruction sur les plans cognitifs et affectifs. L'examen critique de chaque type de plan d'organisation considère les problèmes de dessin, d'exécution, et d'évaluation. La conclusion générale atteinte est, bien que plusieurs approches s'annoncent très bien pour améliorer l'instruction, on trouve presque toujours de sérieux défauts dans le dessin et l'exécution des plans d'études qui empêchent de définir leur apport potentiel.

     

The empowerment dilemma: The dialectic of emancipation and control in staff/client interaction at shelters for battered women

This study investigated the dialectic of emancipation and control in the relationship between staff and clients at shelters for battered women. Accounts from shelter workers indicated that the power structure of their relationship with clients is characterized by four properties: a circumstantial dichotomy, contrasting experiences, asymmetrical roles, and resource control. Additionally, the workers discussed four contradictory aspects of the shelter worker/shelter client relationship (their relationship with clients, the shelter environment, the clients' options, and the amount of time the client spends at the shelter) which reflected the existence of the dialectic of emancipation and control in their interaction with clients. Findings are discussed in terms of domestic shelters, shelter worker/shelter client relationships, and dialectical theory.     

The Politics of Memory in Thailand and Australia: National identity,the media and the military

History and Annotated Bibliography of American Religious Periodicals and Newspapers Established from 1730 through 1830 Gaylord P. Albaugh, 1994 Worcester, American Antiquarian Society pp. lxxxix, 1456; 2 vols

The End of News Roger Bird, 1997 Concord, Ontario, Irwin Publishing pp. 167

Commercium litterarium, 1600–1750. La communication dans la République des Lettres [Forms of communication in the Republic of Letters] Studies of the Pierre Bayle Institute, Nijmegan 25 Hans Bots &; Françcoise Waquet, eds, 1994 Maarssen, Academic Publishers Associated pp. xii, 333

Press Censorship in Elizabethan England Cyndia Susan Clegg, 1997 Cambridge, Cambridge University Press pp. xv, 296

Benjamin Collins and the Provincial Newspaper Trade in the Eighteenth Century C.Y. Ferdinand, 1997 Oxford, Clarendon Press pp. xiv, 258

Women Editing Modernism. ‘Little’ Magazines and Literary History Jayne E. Marek, 1995 Lexington, University Press of Kentucky pp. xii, 252

The Popular Magazine in Britain and the United States 1880–1960 David Reed, 1997 London, British Library pp. 287

The Bloody Circus: the ‘Daily Herald’ and the left Huw Richards, 1997 London, Pluto Press pp. x, 256

The Dent Uniform Edition of Dickens’ Journalism Vol. 2. ‘The Amusements of the People’ and Other Papers: reports, essays and reviews 1834–51 Michael Slater, ed., 1996 London, Dent pp. xxxviii, 438

Periodicals of Queen Victoria's Empire: an exploration J. Don Vann &; Rosemary T. Vanarsdel, eds, 1996 Toronto, University of Toronto Press pp. 371     

Karasik–Udarnik: Shock-Worker of the Russian Book Arts

ABSTRACT

The article shows the complex of information-bibliographic resources generated by Gosudarstvennaia publichnaia nauchno-tekhnicheskaia biblioteka Sibirskogo otdeleniia Rossiskoi akademii nauk (GPNTB SO RAS) [State Public Scientific-Technological Library of the Siberian Branch of the Russian Academy of Sciences], which is the largest research library in Asian Russia, to support historical investigations in Siberia and the Russian Far East. This complex consists of electronic bibliographic and full-text databases, bibliographic retrospective and current indexes of literature. A brief bibliometric analysis of History of Siberia and the Far East (topical, chronological, quantitative, type-species content of documents, etc.) is discussed.     

ImaginOn,The First Twenty‐First Century Public Library Building in the U.S.

This article presents a portrait of ImaginOn, a combined children's library and theater building in Charlotte, NC. Unlike so many modern library buildings intended primarily as warehouses for materials or as civic icons, this structure is designed to encourage visitors to experience the joy to be found in stories of all kinds. The author conveys the excitement of ImaginOn and, using photographs, highlights the principal features of the structure.     

Book reviews

IMPROVING THE QUALITY OF REFERENCE SERVICE FOR GOVERNMENT PUBLICATIONS. McClure, Charles R. and Hernon, Peter. Chicago, IL: American Library Association, 1983, 284 pp., $35.00.

INFORMATION ECONOMICS AND POLICY IN THE UNITED STATES. Rubin, Michael Rogers. Littleton, CO: Libraries Unlimited, Inc., 1983, $35.00.

VIDEOTEX PROJECT REVIEWS II. Widing, Robert E. and Talarzyk, W. Wayne. Dublin, OH: OCLC Online Computer Library Center, Inc., 1983, 115 pp., $6.00.

BILINGUAL EDUCATIONAL PUBLICATIONS IN PRINT 1983; INCLUDING AUDIOVISUAL MATERIALS. New York: R. R. Bowker Company, 1983, $45.00.

LIBRARY AND INFORMATION SERVICES FOR HANDICAPPED INDIVIDUALS, SECOND EDITION. Wright, Keith and Davie, Judith. Littleton, CO: Libraries Unlimited, 1983, 184 pp., $20.00.

MAGAZINES FOR CHILDREN: A GUIDE FOR PARENTS, TEACHERS, AND LIBRARIANS. Richardson, Selma K. Chicago, IL: American Library Association, 1983, 147 pp., $12.50 paper.

DICTIONARIES FOR CHILDREN AND YOUNG ADULTS. Prepared by the Reference Books Bulletin Editorial Board, American Library Association. Chicago, IL: American Library Association, 1983, 38 pp., $1.95.

BACK TO BOOKS: 200 LIBRARY ACTIVITIES TO ENCOURAGE READING. Marshall, Karen K. McFarland, 1983, 138 pp., $12.95.

UNION CATALOGUES OF SERIALS: GUIDELINES FOR CREATION AND MAINTENANCE, WITH RECOMMENDED STANDARDS FOR BIBLIOGRAPHIC AND HOLDINGS CONTROL. Whiffen, Jean. New York: The Haworth Press, 1983, 138 pp., $14.95.

THE ALA GLOSSARY OF LIBRARY AND INFORMATION SCIENCE. Edited by Young, Heartsill. Chicago, 1L: American Library Association, 1983, 261 pp., $50.00.

THE CRIMINAL JUSTICE DICTIONARY, SECOND EDITION, REVISED. Edited by Beckman, Erik. Ann Arbor, MI: Pierian Press, 1983, 247 pp., $22.95; $16.95 paper.

GUIDE TO RESEARCH ON NORTH AMERICAN INDIANS. Hirschfelder, Arlene B.; Byler, Mary Gloyne; and Dorris, Michael A. Chicago, IL: American Library Association, 1983, 330 pp., $75.00.

ANNIVERSARIES AND HOLIDAYS. Gregory, Ruth. Chicago, IL: American Library Association, 1983, 262 pp., $20.00.     

Use of the token economy system to intervene on a school-wide level

Many writers have suggested that professionals dealing with psychological problems in school settings need to consider procedures for consulting on a system level, rather than on an individual or a group level. In this report, a token economy system was implemented for all 459 students in a K-6 elementary school. Managing an intervention program at the system level required comprehensive procedures for staff training and program modification. The results showed a major decrease in classroom disruptions and a decrease in negative teacher interactions during the token economy system compared with baseline data. Data analysis the following summer on system-wide variables demonstrated that the number of suspended students and number of days of suspension decreased, that the rate of gain on achievement tests in reading and mathematics increased compared with the yearly rates suggested by test scores the previous year, and that the teacher turnover rate decreased. Several variables considered necessary for the effective implementation of the program were discussed.