Effects of acute 60 and 80% VO2max bouts of aerobic exercise on state anxiety of women of different age groups across time

The purpose of this investigation was to study the effects of an acute bout of aerobic exercise on state anxiety of women while controlling for iron status (hemoglobin and serum ferritin). Participants were 24 active women, ages 18-20 years (n = 12) and 35-45 years (n = 12). In addition to a nonexercise control condition, participants completed one exercise bout at 60% maximal oxygen uptake (VO2max) and one at 80% VO2max. Each exercise session consisted of a 33-min bout in which participants exercised at their target intensities for a 20-min segment. Immediately before each exercise trial, participants were given the Spielberger State Anxiety Inventory (SAI). The SAI was again administered immediately following the exercise session and at 30, 60, and 90 min postexercise. Data were analyzed using an Age x Intensity x Time (2 x 3 x 5) repeated measures analysis of covariance (ANCOVA) with iron status serving as the covariate. The ANCOVA on state anxiety yielded significant effects for time (p < .0001, eta2(p) = .48), the Intensity x Time interaction (p = .0006, eta2(p) = .19), and the Intensity x Age interaction (p = .04, eta2(p) = .15). All three exercise conditions (including control) showed a decline in state anxiety across time, but the 80% VO2max condition showed a sharper decline. Intensity of exercise conditions did not differ in state anxiety at baseline or immediately after exercise, but a difference favoring the 80% VO2max condition over the control condition emerged at 30 min postexercise. After controlling for iron status, older women who exercised at 80% VO2max exhibited lower SAI scores compared to the control condition.     

Book reviews

Northeastern University     

Exploiting the rights in the agreement

The exploitation of a full range of rights is necessary to make many piblishing projects economically viable. The publishing contract sets out the rights the publisher may exploit and the division of the proceeds between publisher and author. The categories of exploitable rights are reviewed, along with the methods of exploiting them. The impact of consolidation in the publishing industry on rights exploitation is discussed, along with rights issues in the provision of textbooks to developing countries. She is the author ofSelling Rights: A Publisher’s Guide to Success (Chapman & Hall, 1991). Parts of this article were adapted from a presentation at the seminar “East Meets West: Copyright and the Publisher in a Market Economy”, Hamburg, March 1991.     

日本大阪都市圈居民的年龄、居住位置与家庭生命周期对小汽车使用与保有的影响

研究目的：探究城市居民小汽车交通行为变化的原因有多少来自人口统计特性的变化,有多少来自城市结构的改变。 创新要点：考虑家庭成员的生活任务分工以及家庭资源的分配等对每个家庭成员出行方式的影响,构建基于家庭生命周期的小汽车出行行为模型,为控制小汽车出行对策的研究提供准确依据。 研究方法：采用调查与统计理论,掌握居民的出行行为特征;基于经济计量学建模方法,构建居民小汽车出行行为联立方程模型。重要结论：城市结构关系的改变在抵消了人口统计特性的变化对小汽车交通产生的负面影响之后,小汽车交通总体呈上升趋势。     

The peer‐review process in English‐language advertising journals: a survey of US academics

This study examined the views of advertising academics regarding the peer‐review process in English‐language advertising journals. Three issues were examined. First, how do advertising academics assess the peer‐review process in advertising journals on the following dimensions: fairness, anonymity (truly double‐blind), timeliness, and effectiveness in improving the quality of research? Second, how do they perceive the ethicality of review process behaviors? Third, what steps do they suggest for improving the quality or integrity of the peer‐review process? Data was collected through a survey of US‐based advertising academics. The findings reveal that advertising academics believe that, for the most part, advertising journals are succeeding at fairness, protecting anonymity, improving the research of submitters, and avoiding ethical infractions in the review process. However, advertising academics would like to see improvements in timeliness as well as in incentives and guidelines provided to participants in the peer‐review process.