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11.
Studies of extinction in classical conditioning situations can reveal techniques that maximize the effectiveness of exposure-based
behavior therapies. In three experiments, we investigated the effect of varying the intertrial interval during an extinction
treatment in a fear-conditioning preparation with rats as subjects. In Experiment 1, we found less fear at test (i.e., more
effective extinction) when extinction trials were widely spaced, relative to intermediate or massed extinction trials. In
Experiment 2, we used an ABA renewal procedure and observed that spaced trials attenuated renewal of conditioned fear relative
to massed trials. In Experiment 3, we used a similar design, but instead of changing the physical context at the time of testing,
we interposed a retention interval after the extinction treatment to produce a change in the temporal context. The results
showed less spontaneous recovery of fear after spaced than after massed extinction trials. These results suggest that extinction
is more enduring when the extinction trials are spaced rather than massed. Although the benefits of spacing trials are small
when there is no contextual change from extinction to testing, a change in either physical or temporal context following massed
extinction trials leads to a recovery from extinction, which is reduced when the trials are spaced. 相似文献
12.
According to the temporal-coding hypothesis (TCH; Savastano & Miller, Behavioural Processes 44:147–162, 1998), acquired associations include temporal information concerning the interval between the associated elements. Moreover, the TCH posits that subjects can integrate two independently acquired associations that share a common element (e.g., S2–S1 and S1–US), which results in the creation of a third association with its own temporal relationship (S2–US). Some evidence has suggested that such temporal integration occurs at the time of testing (Molet, Miguez, Cham, & Miller, Journal of Experimental Psychology: Animal Behavior Processes 38:369–380, 2012). Here we report two fear-conditioning experiments with rats conducted to identify the associative structure of the integrated temporal relationship. The goal was to distinguish between two possible associative structures that could exist following an initial test on which temporal integration occurs: (1) Conditioned responding to S2 on subsequent tests could be the result of recurring successive activation of two independently learned temporal maps that remain independently stored in memory (i.e., S2–S1 plus S1–US). (2) Temporal integration at the moment of initial testing could result in the formation of a direct S2–US (or S2–response) temporal map. Integration was found to occur at test and to produce a new association that was independent of associations with the common element (S1). However, the associative status of S1 appeared to modulate whether or not the new association with S2 was US-specific (S2–US) or directly activated a fear response (S2–response). 相似文献
13.
Travis Gagie Aleksi Hartikainen Kalle Karhu Juha Kärkkäinen Gonzalo Navarro Simon J. Puglisi Jouni Sirén 《Information Retrieval》2017,20(3):253-291
Most of the fastest-growing string collections today are repetitive, that is, most of the constituent documents are similar to many others. As these collections keep growing, a key approach to handling them is to exploit their repetitiveness, which can reduce their space usage by orders of magnitude. We study the problem of indexing repetitive string collections in order to perform efficient document retrieval operations on them. Document retrieval problems are routinely solved by search engines on large natural language collections, but the techniques are less developed on generic string collections. The case of repetitive string collections is even less understood, and there are very few existing solutions. We develop two novel ideas, interleaved LCPs and precomputed document lists, that yield highly compressed indexes solving the problem of document listing (find all the documents where a string appears), top-k document retrieval (find the k documents where a string appears most often), and document counting (count the number of documents where a string appears). We also show that a classical data structure supporting the latter query becomes highly compressible on repetitive data. Finally, we show how the tools we developed can be combined to solve ranked conjunctive and disjunctive multi-term queries under the simple \({\textsf{tf}}{\textsf{-}}{\textsf{idf}}\) model of relevance. We thoroughly evaluate the resulting techniques in various real-life repetitiveness scenarios, and recommend the best choices for each case. 相似文献
14.
Filipino parents’ school choice and loyalty: a factor analysis 总被引:1,自引:1,他引:0
Allan B. de Guzman Belinda V. de Castro Kieshia Albert B. Aquino Melinda Anne R. Buenaventura Anna Celina C. Duque Mark Lawrence D. R. Enriquez 《Educational Research for Policy and Practice》2008,7(2):109-122
This quantitative study aims to ascertain the significant relationship existing between parents’ profile, and their school
choice and school loyalty. Data were gathered using the researcher’s two-part made instrument. Respondents were first asked
to fill in a robotfoto for purpose of profiling their baseline characteristics and were later asked to rate listed indicators, using a modified
8-point Likert scale. Using statistical tools such as the ANOVA, factor analysis, correlation, mean, and standard deviation,
data were treated indepth. It is interesting to note that although parents are loyal to their alma mater, this does not have
a much impact on their choice of school for their children. On the whole, parents’ choice of school is based on its indispensable
qualities. Among the three interval-scale profiles of the parent respondents such as age, income, tuition fee payment and
number of children, none of these relate to school choice, but age, income, and tuition fee payment negatively relate to school
loyalty. From their nominal-scale profiles, significant differences were noted in their school choice when grouped according
to civil status, place of work, and terms of payment. With respect to school loyalty, significant differences occurred in
their responses when classified according to gender, terms of payment and their active participation in the Parent-Teacher
Association (PTA). 相似文献
15.
Marisa Raquel De Giusti Ariel Jorge Lira Gonzalo Luján Villarreal 《European Journal of Engineering Education》2008,33(5-6):587-596
Simulation is the process of executing a model that describes a system with enough detail; this model has its entities, an internal state, some input and output variables and a list of processes bound to these variables. Teaching a simulation language such as general purpose simulation system (GPSS) is always a challenge, because of the way it executes the models and the abstraction level it can achieve, very different compared with most well-known programming languages. This article presents an open source simulation framework that implements a subset of entities of GPSS, which could help students to improve the understanding of this language. This tool also stores all entities of simulations in every single simulation time, which is very useful for debugging simulations, but also for getting a detailed history of all entities in the simulations, knowing exactly how they have behaved in every simulation time. 相似文献
16.
Peñaloza Gonzalo El-Hani Charbel N. Mosquera-Suárez Carlos Javier 《Science & Education》2021,30(4):931-965
Science & Education - Despite the importance of evolution to understand living phenomena, evolution teaching confronts several tensions, especially with respect to teachers’ and... 相似文献
17.
Amelita P. de Mesa Allan B. de Guzman 《Educational Research for Policy and Practice》2006,5(3):235-253
The intent of this qualitative study is to narrate (Brodkey, (1987a). Education Quarterly, 18, 67–76; Written communication, 4, 25–70; Qualitative communication research methods. (1987b). Lindlof, (1995). (pp. 172–174): London Sage Publications)
the master teachers as aggregate sample subjects’ pedagogical understanding and classroom practices. A qualitative analysis
of the classroom activities and journal entries of 13 teacher-participants in the Basic Education Curriculum core learning
areas is included. Findings reveal that the subject participants’ pedagogical practices still verging toward the formal suggest
a traditional inclination. However, the importance of change should be realized. Various concepts of teaching and learning,
today, are imperative. Teachers must be resocialized on their new roles and make their students have a more active role in
the teaching-learning process. 相似文献
18.
Allan B. de Guzman Diannesa April F. Golosinda Cristine Porcia R. Gonzales 《Educational gerontology》2019,45(1):34-44
Previous studies have indicated that major transitions in life such as retirement or exit from working life may contribute to the normative decline in self-esteem. A growing trend on elderly’s labor force beyond retirement invites the conduct of more empirical studies on the dynamics of self-esteem among the elderly group. Anchored on the Self-Determination Theory, this study is an attempt to test a model that examines the impact of social support, health promotion, activities of daily living and anxiety on the self-esteem of a select group of Filipino elderly working beyond the retirement age. Two-hundred eighteen (218) working elderly from the capital of the Philippines participated in this exploratory study. Data gathered from a multi-aspect questionnaire were analyzed using SPSS version 19 and AMOS version 19. Results of structural equation model (SEM) indicated that social support; activities of daily living and health promotion have direct effects on self-esteem, thus supporting the hypotheses. A direct relationship exists between elderly activities of daily living and their social support and anxiety. Notably, an inverse relationship exists between elderly anxiety and factors such as health promotion and self-esteem. The emerged model in this study could serve as valuable tool for nurses in enhancing nursing care aimed at promoting the psychological-well-being and occupational health among the elderly. 相似文献
19.
Allan B. de Guzman Praxedes S. M. dela Rosa Clotilde N. Arcangel 《Educational Research for Policy and Practice》2005,4(2-3):65-82
This qualitative study is an attempt to describe how administrators, teachers and researchers in a select group of teacher
education institutions (TEIs) in the capital of the Philippines collectively view globalization. Specifically, concepts of
a globalized teacher education, impact of globalization in teacher education, and problems of teacher education in the context
of globalization were the delineated factors investigated in this study. A total of 23 respondents comprising 13 university
teachers, 6 deans and 4 educational researchers were asked to participate in an audio-taped interview and written responses.
Data yielded by the interview were transcribed and categorized based on saliency, meaning and homogeneity. Clearly, this study
has disclosed efforts initiated at both pre-service and in-service education levels in response to the challenges of globalization
consistent with the collective view of the various sectors.
This research segment is part of a research project submitted to the Asia-Pacific Education Policy Research Initiative/KEDI
(AP-EPRI/KEDI) and funded by the World Bank/GDN. 相似文献
20.
Research in Science Education - The definition of biodiversity stated by the Convention on Biological Diversity (CBD) in 1992 was conceived as occurring on three different organizational levels:... 相似文献