Women Archetype and Female Physical Education during Franco's Dictatorship

The subject of this paper consists on the ideal of women in Spain during Franco's dictatorship (1939–1975) and how it was transmitted through women Physical Education and female sports, directed by the Women Section. The research focuses on the concepts and values from different fields (political, professional, cultural, religious, etc.) which described women and determined their life during this period, and which showed through physical and sport activities specific to this gender. The research is justified and put into context in the first part of the paper. In the second part of the paper, the female model as proposed by the ideology of the dictatorship is described, and how this model was reflected in female Physical Education – both in the initial training of female teachers and in the proposed practices for Spanish women. In the third part of the paper, some of the contradictions of the Women Section regarding the woman archetype are exposed, as well as the final conclusions of this investigation.     

The use of augmented reality to improve the development of activities of daily living in students with ASD

Education and Information Technologies - In today's society, technology plays a fundamental role. More and more activities of daily life are being developed with the help of technology. One of...     

Mechanical behavior of leaning masonry Huzhu Pagoda

The paper has been developed in the framework of a larger research program, in which the University of Rome “Tor Vergata” (Italy) and the Yangzhou University (China) are jointly involved to study and preserve historic towers. The research aims to evaluate the risk of collapse of the Huzhu Pagoda in Songjiang County, a leaning tower built in the XI century. Mechanical properties of the masonry material have been obtained by experimental tests on small specimen and the mechanical behaviour of the structure has been evaluated via numerical models. The static analysis of this ancient pagoda constitute a prerequisite base for the evaluation of its structural behavior leading to a suitable maintenance program. The architectural characteristics and damage conditions of the pagoda are key parameters in the preparation of a complex analytical model. The pagoda leans more than six and half degrees, and exhibits some bad structural conditions. Static analysis is carried out via finite-element method in order to establish a reliable numerical model and assess the static risk.     

Home Away from Home: Acclimatization of Filipino Elderly from being Home to a Sense of being “At Home” in an Elderly Institution

This grounded study examined the process of acclimatization or the process of changing perspectives of a person so as to get used to or feel “at home” among a select group of Filipino elderly in a nursing care facility. As institutionalization of the elderly is not typical in the Philippine context, varied responses were analyzed to understand the factors and the course that an elderly person undergoes over a set period of time to achieve acclimatization. Twenty elderly (n = 20) residents were purposively recruited and subjected to an in-depth interview that chronicled their experiences on their previous and present lives and on the process by which they were able to adjust to a relatively new setting. Preliminarily, a robotfoto was devised to obtain demographic data including visitation frequencies and familial relationships, and this was followed by an in-depth interview. Through the constant comparison method, an interesting model called the Hourglass of Acclimatization emerged. This model yielded two distinct phases contributing to successful acclimatization. One is the Conversion phase, or imbibing the main notion of transforming one's perspectives of him or herself and his or her environment; there is also the Immersion phase, which describes how an elderly involves him or herself completely into the life he or she is supposed to live. This emerged model can contribute to the development of nursing interventions focusing on elderly experiences in the entire course of relocation to a new environment other than what they call “home.”     

Contrast agent-free sonoporation: The use of an ultrasonic standing wave microfluidic system for the delivery of pharmaceutical agents

Sonoporation is a useful biophysical mechanism for facilitating the transmembrane delivery of therapeutic agents from the extracellular to the intracellular milieu. Conventionally, sonoporation is carried out in the presence of ultrasound contrast agents, which are known to greatly enhance transient poration of biological cell membranes. However, in vivo contrast agents have been observed to induce capillary rupture and haemorrhage due to endothelial cell damage and to greatly increase the potential for cell lysis in vitro. Here, we demonstrate sonoporation of cardiac myoblasts in the absence of contrast agent (CA-free sonoporation) using a low-cost ultrasound-microfluidic device. Within this device an ultrasonic standing wave was generated, allowing control over the position of the cells and the strength of the acoustic radiation forces. Real-time single-cell analysis and retrospective post-sonication analysis of insonated cardiac myoblasts showed that CA-free sonoporation induced transmembrane transfer of fluorescent probes (CMFDA and FITC-dextran) and that different mechanisms potentially contribute to membrane poration in the presence of an ultrasonic wave. Additionally, to the best of our knowledge, we have shown for the first time that sonoporation induces increased cell cytotoxicity as a consequence of CA-free ultrasound-facilitated uptake of pharmaceutical agents (doxorubicin, luteolin, and apigenin). The US-microfluidic device designed here provides an in vitro alternative to expensive and controversial in vivo models used for early stage drug discovery, and drug delivery programs and toxicity measurements.     

Generating suggestions for queries in the long tail with an inverted index

This paper proposes an efficient and effective solution to the problem of choosing the queries to suggest to web search engine users in order to help them in rapidly satisfying their information needs. By exploiting a weak function for assessing the similarity between the current query and the knowledge base built from historical users’ sessions, we re-conduct the suggestion generation phase to the processing of a full-text query over an inverted index. The resulting query recommendation technique is very efficient and scalable, and is less affected by the data-sparsity problem than most state-of-the-art proposals. Thus, it is particularly effective in generating suggestions for rare queries occurring in the long tail of the query popularity distribution. The quality of suggestions generated is assessed by evaluating the effectiveness in forecasting the users’ behavior recorded in historical query logs, and on the basis of the results of a reproducible user study conducted on publicly-available, human-assessed data. The experimental evaluation conducted shows that our proposal remarkably outperforms two other state-of-the-art solutions, and that it can generate useful suggestions even for rare and never seen queries.     

Psychological adjustment in bullies and victims of school violence

The present study examined psychosocial adjustment in the following four groups of students: victims, bullies, bully/victims and a control group of adolescents not involved in bullying or victimization problems. Psychosocial adjustment was measured considering as indicators: level of self-esteem, depressive symptomatology, perceived stress, feeling of loneliness, and a general measure of satisfaction with life. Participants (N=1319) were aged from 11 to 16 (47% male) and drawn from seven state secondary schools in Valencia (Spain). ANOVAs revealed significant differences among groups, reporting adolescents not involved a general better psychosocial adjustment; they had higher levels of self-esteem and satisfaction with life, and lower levels of depressive symptomatology, perceived stress and feeling of loneliness. The scores for this group were equivalent to those of bullies with respect to self-esteem, depressive symptomatology and loneliness. However, bullies perceived more stress and expressed less satisfaction with life, as did the other two groups, namely victims and bully/victims. Victims reported the strongest feelings of loneliness. Bully/victims seemed to share characteristics with both bullies and victims, though showing more similarities with the latter and a general poor psychosocial profile.     

Protective environments and quality education in humanitarian contexts

This paper reflects the experience of the authors working in the field of humanitarian education during the last two decades. Important changes have been witnessed since the Central American crises of the seventies, the refugee focus of the eighties and the new UN vision of the complex emergency crisis of the nineties resulting from the post Cold War scenarios of humanitarian calamity.     

What Might Dewey Think of Knowledge Insertion?

In two articles, “Might Knowledge Be Insertable?” and “Is Knowledge Insertion Desirable?,” John Tillson argues that knowledge insertion is conceivable and desirable for the person who has it inserted. By knowledge insertion, he means the immediate or almost immediate acquisition of knowledge by means other than traditional processes of learning. He takes the case presented in the science fiction film The Matrix as paradigmatic and characterizes it as a special case of direct intervention, which begin with change in brain structure and function and result in in changes in thought patterns and behavior, by contrast to indirect interventions, which begin with changes in thought patterns and behavior and result in rewiring brain structure and functioning. Here, Gonzalo Obelleiro follows Tillson's argument and offers one special case in which knowledge insertion is not desirable and that is not fully elucidated by Tillson's conditions for desirability. John Dewey's notion of growth as summum bonum depends in important ways on gradual, progressive, traditional processes of learning. Deweyan growth constitutes a case of intrinsically valuable learning that can be tragically jeopardized by calculation errors in knowledge insertion. This is a significant risk that Tillson does not consider in his articles.