Resurrecting Old–Fashioned Foundationalism

Book reviewed in this article:
M DePaul (ed), Resurrecting Old–Fashioned Foundationalism     

Thunder from the left

Editor's note: In view of the controversies surrounding the subject of ethnicity, IQ, and educational policy, the editors feel that the mission of the journal would be best served by opening them to extended debate. Consequently, in an upcoming issueAcademic Questions will feature a broad exchange of views on these questions.     

The adult part-time learner in colleges and universities: A clientele analysis

Using the 1975 National Center for Educational Statistics/Bureau of Census Participation in Adult Education survey data, this paper presents an analysis of part-time students at colleges and universities—who participates and who persists. Separate analyses of public two-year colleges and noncredit activities are also presented. The analysis is followed with a discussion of the implications. A general conclusion is that adult education at colleges and universities may rest on a precariously narrow base.     

Tonic immobility in chickens: Is a stimulus that signals shock more aversive than the receipt of shock?

Three experiments were conducted on the effect of shock and aversive conditioning on tonic immobility. In the first study, increasing the intensity of preinduction shock was shown to produce reliable increases in the duration of immobility. Using classical conditioning procedures in the second experiment, a significant effect of UCS intensity was obtained. In the third experiment, brief confrontation with a conditioned fear stimulus was found more effective than shock for enhancing immobility duration. The data were discussed in terms of the fear hypothesis of animal hypnosis and as supporting a more general notion that the anticipation of shock may be more aversive than the receipt of shock.     

论艺术:当消费主义破坏它的氛围之时

本杰明、杰姆逊和后期海德格尔对雕刻的反思都审视了在后现代时期艺术和技术的亲缘关系。本杰明主张技术摧毁了艺术的氛围,这是对机械中介物替代艺术家来控制美学的一种模糊批判。杰姆逊批判了笛卡尔式的主体再现于后现代主义中,这意味着通过电影(现在通过广告),艺术氛围已经不是一个不可逆的过去的随意回想,而是被吸引的观众当下生活的共鸣。这一点现在普遍反映在消费主义之中。海德格尔对与雕刻相关的空间和处所的反思,说明艺术的角色应该是阐明一个关系性的世界。我们必须学会发现自己正身处这样的世界之中,而不是通过那种维持我们娱乐的机械方法来利用艺术品味。     

Ideals and Realities: Articulating Feminist Perspectives in Physical Education

Using on information gathered from five female feminist physical education teachers in Brisbane, Australia, this paper examines the relationship between theoretical debates in feminism and feminist practice in secondary schools. Specifically, this paper is concerned with the ongoing debate in feminism over the notion of equality. It is problematic that calls for equality for women are currently understood as calls for sameness to men, leaving men and their life experience as the only standard of analysis. In this paper, how this theoretical struggle between feminists is dealt with in sport and physical education is explored. The teachers articulated various feminist perspectives, but placed their feminism on the physical education agenda piecemeal. Moreover, they failed to challenge the notion of an equality for women based on their sameness to men. Given the duress under which these women articulate their feminism, notions of sameness may be all that is achievable in the current physical education curriculum.