21世纪我国体育产业开发的前景展望

运用文献资料法,根据我国国民经济发展规划和世界各国的体育产业发展情况,具体分析了我国体育产业的形成、现状和发展趋势,得出结论:21世纪我国体育产业的开发和发展前景广阔,体育产业市场巨大。     

初探散打绝招技术的训练原则与方法

散打运动员要想在激烈的对抗中制胜，运动员必须具备自己独特的绝招技术。初步提出在平时的训练当中培养散打运动员绝招的训练原则、训练方法。     

羽毛球手法和步法持球练习教学实验

以天水师范学院体育系1999级四班一、二男生教学组为研究对象，在羽毛球手法、步法教学环节中，分别采用讲解、示范、练习的传统教法和自我持球练习为主的创新性教法进行教学实验研究。结果显示：实验组在手法、步法教学环节及整体教学效果上与对照组均有显著性差异。实验方法较好地解决了教学中练习场馆、练习密度、持球练习时间、练习主动性等诸多难以协调的问题，教学效果明显改善。     

蜂王浆对大鼠力竭运动能力影响的实验研究

研究目的：探讨服用蜂王浆的大鼠，作力竭运动时，减轻和防止自由基对机体组织的损伤和抗疲劳作用。研究方法：灌喂蜂王浆的大鼠为试验组与对照组比较，测试二组在力竭运动时体重、运动能力、线粒体丙二醛（MDA）、超氧化物歧化酶（SOD）、血浆PH值，血乳酸、血清总钙ATP的合成能力以及肝、肌糖原的变化。研究结果：实验组与对照组比较体重明显增加，运动能力显著提高，MDA降低明显，SOD活性显著增高，ATP和PH值相应提高，血乳酸和血清总钙较低，肝、肌糖原明显增多。蜂王浆作为一种有效的体能恢复剂在推广和利用上有广泛的前景。     

Interactive Influences of Perceived Social Contexts on the Reading Achievement of Urban Middle Schoolers with Learning Disabilities

This study examined the effects of social influences in the lives of an ethnically diverse sample of fifth through eighth grade students with and without learning disabilities (LD) using survey data and academic achievement scores collected in 19 Chicago public schools from 1993–1997. Similarities and differences in student perceptions of school, family, and peer group contexts were examined. In addition, longitudinal data were analyzed using hierarchical linear modeling (HLM) to identify contextual influences on changes in student reading achievement over time. Comparisons of student responses confirm and extend existing findings in the literature concerning the perceptions of students with LD of their social environments. In particular, having a learning disability was associated with consistent, mostly negative, effects on social relations across the contexts of students’ lives, regardless of gender, race, grade, and socioeconomic status. In addition, student perceptions of their friendship groups were found to have small, but significant, effects on their growth in reading achievement over the course of middle school. While students with and without LD had somewhat different views of their social contexts, the processes working within these environments appeared to affect their reading achievement in similar ways. The results suggest that careful attention should be paid to the social contexts of students’ lives when planning academic interventions.     

Survey of reader preferences concerning the format of NASA langley-authored technical reports

The U.S. government technical report is a primary means by which the results of federally funded research and development (R&D) are transferred to the U.S. aerospace industry. However, little is known about this information product in terms of its actual use, importance, and value in the transfer of federally funded R&D. Little is also known about the intermediary-based system that is used to transfer the results of federally funded R&D to the U.S. aerospace industry. To help establish a body of knowledge, the U.S. government technical report is being investigated as part of the NASA/DoD Aerospace Knowledge Diffusion Research Project. In this article, we summarize the literature on the U.S. government technical report and present the results of a survey of U.S. aerospace engineers and scientists that solicited their opinions concerning the format of NASA Langley Research Center (LaRC)-authored technical reports. To learn more about the preferences of U.S. aerospace engineers and scientists concerning the format of NASA LaRC-authored technical reports, we surveyed 133 report producers (i.e., authors) and 137 report users in March–April 1996. Questions covered such topics as: (a) the order in which report components are read; (b) components used to determine if a report would be read; (c) those components that could be deleted; (d) the placement of such components as the symbols list; (e) the desirability of a table of contents; (f) the format of reference citations; (g) column layout and right margin treatment; and (h) writing style in terms of person and voice. Mail (self-reported) surveys were used to collect the data. The response rates for report producers (i.e., authors) was 68% and for users, was 62%.     

Neuroimaging Studies of Reading Development and Reading Disability

Converging evidence from a number of neuroimaging studies, including our own, suggest that fluent word identification in reading is related to the functional integrity of two left hemisphere posterior systems: a temporo-parietal system and a ventral occipito-temporal system. These posterior systems are functionally disrupted in developmental dyslexia. Reading disabled, relative to nonimpaired, readers demonstrate heightened reliance on both inferior frontal and right hemisphere posterior regions, presumably in compensation for the LH posterior difficulties. We propose a neurobiological account suggesting that for normally developing readers the temporo-parietal system predominates at first, and is associated with aspects of processing critical in learning to integrate orthography with phonological and lexical-semantic features of printed words. The occipito-temporal system, by contrast, constitutes a fast, late-developing, word-identification system that underlies fluent word recognition in skilled readers.     

Evaluation of a specific test in cross-country skiing

Six Danish male cross-country skiers were studied during the end-of-summer and winter seasons. Their maximal oxygen uptake was measured while running on a treadmill and using a ski ergometer incorporating the double-poling technique. Maximal oxygen uptake during treadmill running and double-poling was correlated with performance, expressed as a ranking score during 10 ski races. The tests were undertaken in September, December and April. Upper body maximal oxygen uptake increased 5.8% from September to December, decreasing to 2.3% above the September level in April. Upper body work output (2 min at maximal intensity) increased 11.8% from September to December (P less than 0.05). The relationship between upper body and leg maximal oxygen uptake--the upper body/leg ratio--was 89.4% in September. In four skiers, both treadmill and upper body tests were undertaken on each test occasion. The upper body/leg ratio changed from 87.7% in September to 95.7% in December. In April, the ratio was 91.0%. The maximal oxygen uptake measured using the ski ergometer during double-poling was significantly correlated with performance (P less than 0.05). It is concluded that the upper body ski ergometer can be used in the evaluation of elite cross-country skiers.