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231.
Gregory J. Cizek 《Educational Measurement》2003,22(1):40-44
This article responds to two critiques of an earlier article on the unintended consequences of high-stakes testing. The exchange of viewpoints suggests that the successful resolution of current policy debates surrounding such testing and companion accountability systems rests on the ability to: recognize, document, and disseminate instances of real learning gains; develop improved methods and assessment systems that provide instructional relevance and utility of test results; and negotiate a balance between the role of large-scale assessment in identifying achievement deficits and the responsibility and resources that educational systems have to redress identified deficiencies. 相似文献
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This module describes some common standard-setting procedures used to derive performance levels for achievement tests in education, licensure, and certification. Upon completing the module, readers will be able to: describe what standard setting is; understand why standard setting is necessary; recognize some of the purposes of standard setting; calculate cut scores using various methods; and identify elements to be considered when evaluating standard-setting procedures. A self-test and annotated bibliography are provided at the end of the module. Teaching aids to accompany the module are available through NCME. 相似文献
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Thirteen 6-year-old children who had been physically abused by their parents were assessed in school for language development, educational attainments and social adjustment, and compared with children from some of the same school classes who served as a comparison group. All the abused children had attended the Family Centre of the National Society for the Prevention of Cruelty to Children (NSPCC) in Manchester before starting school, and they and their parents had received social work support and supervision from the special unit team. Ten of the 13 abused children had made measurable progress in reading. There were no significant differences between the groups in language development or number skills, but the abused group did contain more high (maladjusted) scores on the Bristol Social Adjustment Guide. Monitoring educational progress and social adjustment in school would seem to be a useful method of following the progress of such children. Most of the children in this group are so far making progress within the ordinary school system despite the disturbances which have affected their home life. 相似文献
236.
Schraw Gregory Potenza Maria T. Nebelsick-Gullet Lori 《Contemporary educational psychology》1993,18(4)
We examined the effect of experimenter-controlled incentives and feedback on the calibration of performance. Subjects answered 36 reading comprehension and 8 mathematical multiple-choice questions and rated the accuracy of their responses. Perfect calibration was possible only when true and estimated test performance were approximately equal. Incentives for improved performance (i.e., doubling the credit people received for correct answers) adversely affected performance and calibration compared to the same incentives for improved calibration (i.e., doubling credit for minimizing the error between true and estimated performance). Feedback had no effect on performance or accuracy nor did it interact with the incentive variable. An examination of coefficient α suggested a strong response bias by individuals when calibrating their performance; individuals tended to rate their performance accuracy consistently regardless of item difficulty or whether they answered the item correctly. Educational implications were discussed. 相似文献
237.
Nuala Gregory 《Educational Philosophy and Theory》2017,49(13):1236-1245
AbstractThis article divides into two roughly equal parts, both of which aim to address the act rather than the art of drawing. The second part focuses on a theoretical discussion of drawing. The first bears on a number of themes including the role of drawing in colonial history, drawing and data collection, and drawing and memory. It begins by describing an episode that unfolded as an encounter between two worlds, and two ages—an episode whose meaning and effects are still controversial today. 相似文献
238.
Although a number of studies have reported a relation between abusive parental behavior and later aggressive behavior in the victim, many of these investigations have had methodological limitations that make precise interpretation of their results problematic. In the present study, we attempted to determine whether harsh parental discipline occurring early in life was associated with later aggression and internalizing behavior in children, using a prospective design with randomly selected samples to avoid some of these methodological difficulties. Structural equation modeling indicated a consistent relation between harsh discipline and aggression in 2 separate cohorts of children. This relation did not appear to be due to possible confounding factors such as child temperament, SES, and marital violence, although there was some indication in our data that the latter variables were related to child aggression. In addition, our analyses suggested that the effect of harsh discipline on child aggression may be mediated at least in part by maladaptive social information processing patterns that develop in response to the harsh discipline. 相似文献
239.
Relevance and Goal-Focusing in Text Processing 总被引:1,自引:0,他引:1
This article reviews the role of relevance in text processing. It argues that relevance instructions provided by instructors
and texts help readers identify text segments that are germane to a reading goal. A taxonomy of relevance instructions is
presented and four basic types of relevance manipulations are considered (i.e., targeted segments, elaborative interrogation,
perspective, and purpose). This article also describes a four-stage goal-focusing model to explain how relevance affects attention
allocation and text understanding. Directions for future research and educational implications are also discussed. 相似文献
240.
The heads of education divisions of 245 colleges and universities in the USA were surveyed regarding their opinions about faculty activities and reward procedures. Tenure, which was viewed as having the greatest effect on faculty behavior, received significantly more attention from decision‐making bodies in the colleges, and merit pay received significantly less. Education administrators at top universities and larger universities viewed the desire for reputation as more motivating than did other education administrators. The department chairs believed that internal satisfaction was more of a motivating factor than did deans. The deans rated merit pay, contract renewal, promotion and tenure higher as motivators than did the department heads. Although evaluations of teaching were considered the most important for year‐to‐year contract renewal, article and book publication were the most important considerations in merit pay, promotion and tenure. A factor analysis grouped faculty activities into three factors: teaching, service, and publication. 相似文献