道德教育要回归生活

传统道德教育是一种脱离生活、脱离现实社会“高、大、空”的道德教育；是一种封闭的道德教育，是一种失缺了主体的道德教育。这种教育导致德育工作至今仍没有走出低效的困境的局面。要走出困境，笔者以为学校德育改革和发展价值取向应“生活化”，回归生活，关注、指导和引导受教育者的现实生活，教育帮助受教育者通过自己的劳动创造新生活，并以文明健康的方式享受新生活。（一）回落学校德育目标：从培养“圣人”走向培养“现实人”法国作家雨果在《悲惨世界》中说：“做一个圣人。那是特殊情形，做一个正直的人，那却是为人的常轨。”因…     

西方历史城镇保护理论对中国的启示

过去二十年以来,中国的快速城市化过程为传统城镇的保护实践和理论研究带来了更为尖锐的挑战。在与传统城镇历史保护相关文献的讨论中,大量的研究主要集中在土地经济学、房地产开发和历史城镇保护之间的相互关系、城市保护政策的演变、文化社会角度的城镇更新问题以及城市设计与城市更新。系统的关于传统城镇历史保护基础理论的研究较为缺乏。西方历史城镇分析方法对发展中国传统保护理论体系,有重要的参照价值。     

Student Engagement and Student Learning: Examining the Convergent and Discriminant Validity of the Revised National Survey of Student Engagement

The present study examined the relationships between student engagement, represented by two versions of the National Survey of Student Engagement (NSSE) and self-reported gains in learning. The study drew on institutional-level data from participating institutions in 2011 and 2013. The objective of the research was to compare evidence of convergence and discrimination for the two versions of NSSE using canonical correlation analysis. Results indicated that both versions of NSSE provided clear evidence of convergence in that student engagement measures were significantly and positively related to perceived gains in learning. However, only the most recent version of NSSE provided strong evidence of discrimination (i.e., differential relationships between engagement measures and self-reported learning outcomes). Thus, the revised NSSE appears to offer substantial advantages for institutions interested in more nuanced understandings of the relationships between student engagement and perceived learning outcomes. Implications for educators, with goals of enhancing student learning, and for researchers, who often compare complex sets of data, are included.     

Motivational climates: assessing and testing how science classroom environments contribute to undergraduates’ self-determined and achievement-based science goals

The current research examined the psychometric properties and utility of a measure of college classroom environment in predicting goal-related outcomes rooted in goal contents and achievement goal theories. Exploratory and confirmatory factor analyses in Studies 1 and 2, respectively, yielded support for two distinct and gender-invariant classroom environment constructs—professorial concern and affiliation. Results of multilevel regression analyses in Study 3 indicated that both constructs were positive predictors of intrinsic and self-approach goals. Additionally, professorial concern was a significant positive predictor of extrinsic goal adoption. Contrary to expectation, perceptions of affiliation in the science classroom were unrelated to task-approach goals. These findings illustrate the important role that socially dynamic classroom contexts play in fostering motivation and satisfying basic needs for autonomy, competence, and relatedness.     

Potential theory method for 3D crack and contact problems of multi-field coupled media: A survey

This paper presents an overview of the recent progress of potential theory method in the analysis of mixed boundary value problems mainly stemming from three-dimensional crack or contact problems of multi-field coupled media. This method was used to derive a series of exact three dimensional solutions which should be of great theoretical significance because most of them usually cannot be derived by other methods such as the transform method and the trial-and-error method. Further, many solutions are obtained in terms of elementary functions that enable us to treat more complicated problems easily. It is pointed out here that the method is usually only applicable to media characterizing transverse isotropy, from which, however, the results for the isotropic case can be readily obtained. Project (No. 10372088) supported by the National Natural Science Foundation of China     

论提高哲学育人效果的有效途径

马克思主义哲学具有很强的思辨性、抽象性。增强马克思主义哲学课教学的针对性和吸引力 ,要采用灵活多样的教学方法 ,把最具时代气息的教学内容和电大学生普遍关注的社会现实问题和学生的思想实际、专业实际结合起来 ,发挥马克思主义哲学思想政治教育功能和教书育人作用     

Accelerated Schools for Quality Education: A Hong Kong Perspective

This article addresses the application of the Accelerated Schools Project (ASP) model in Hong Kong, as well as specific aspects of implementation in two schools. One lesson from the localized project, the Accelerated Schools for Quality Education (ASPQE), is that change is slow. This suggests that time should be given for both cultural change and building communities of inquiry, especially in cases where the staff may not be initially receptive of school reform models such as the Accelerated Schools Project. A second important lesson is that the commitment of the principal and a core group is critical for change.     

The mutable galaxies

Soon after the discovery of the expansion of the universe, astronomers hoped to determine the parameters of the universe by comparing distant galaxies with nearby ones. Observing distant galaxies, however, meant observing them as they were long ago. A crucial assumption in these studies was that galaxies hardly change, in the time scale of the expansion of the universe. Beatrice Tinsley was one of the first astronomers to point out that galaxies do change. Here we discuss a simplified model of galactic evolution, and show that the comparison of its prediction with observations uncovers clues to how galaxies evolve with time     

Teachers’, school staff’s and parents’ efficacy beliefs as determinants of attitudes toward school

Self- and collective efficacy beliefs were examined as correlates of attitudes toward school of teachers, school staff, and parents. 726 teachers, 387 staff members, and 1994 parents from 18 junior high schools in Milan and Rome, Italy, were administered questionnaires assessing self-efficacy beliefs, perceptions about colleagues’ bahavior, collective efficacy beliefs, affective commitment and job satisfaction of teachers and school staff and parents satisfaction with school. Path analyses corroborated a conceptual model in which self- and collective efficacy beliefs represent, respectively, the distal and proximal determinants of affective commitment and job satisfaction for teachers and staff and of satisfaction with school for parents. Perceptions that teachers, staff and parents hold about the behavior of their colleagues largely mediated the links between self- and collective efficacy beliefs. collective efficacy beliefs, in turn, largely mediated the influence that self-efficacy beliefs and perceptions of school constituencies’ behaviors exert on attitudes toward school of teachers, staff and parents.