开放大学与中国的高等教育

21世纪是人类进一步自我完善、全方位提高素质的新时代。这为教育特别是高等教育的发展提供了契机。随着信息技术的迅猛发展及日益普及,可以预计,开放大学与远程教育将为推动21世纪全球高等教育的发展做出重大贡献,也无疑将成为高着教育的重要组成部对。田于工作、家庭、社会需要、身体状况、对某些学科的偏爱及个人经济能力等原因,开放大学与远程教育已越来越显示出它的魅力。由于远程教育可以使学习者有更多的自主权来管理自己的学习活动,成为自己学习的主宰者和决策者,更因为它能提供真正意义上的全球化课堂,不同年龄、不同民族、…     

瑞典远程教育的发展与模式

本文描述瑞典远程教育的背景与环境。随着整个世界的变革,远程教育的目标、策略及学生来源在一百多年的实践过程中也发生了根本性的变革,新的政策、理论和技术为远程教育增添了新的机遇和新的参与者。今天,利用数字化信息的学习者可以在任何地方,通过移动电话和计算机连接到互联网获取信息,这就给教育机构提出了新的要求:灵活、更新、适合、快速并且兼备愉悦性以吸引学生。同时,教育机构的另一挑战是如何利用新技术的优势,发展新型的教学论,鼓励创造力、批判性思维,同时学会抵制和对抗欺骗性学习行为。关于教育与学习,具有时代特征的是文本、图片、声音、照片及电影等普遍的“复制粘贴”技术,这些技术一方面可以以建设性的和发展性的方式被利用,同时也可能用于违法、欺骗和毁灭性的使用。本文将以自上而下和由内及外的方式,来讨论远程教育在瑞典的发展与瑞典政治目标与政策的关系。由于教育逐渐全球化而且受国家政策以外其他力量的影响,因此也用自下而上和由内及外的方法讨论一些新的概念。文章的第二部分讨论远程教育的多种概念和方法,即什么是数码世界的远程教育和可替代的新概念。其中的一个结论是:虽然在国家的层面上已设定了宏大目标,但教育组织机构的变化非常缓慢。而在数字传媒文化里长大的年轻     

爬树游戏

皮皮是个奇怪而有趣的小姑娘，她满头红发。小辫子翘向两边，脸上还布满雀斑。 皮皮家的院子很漂亮，说院子收拾得井井有条那当然有些过头，但是那里有着从未修剪过的美丽草坪和开满白色、     

Evaluation on the Value of Fully Using Multimedia Assisted Teaching Resources in English Teaching

English is a very important subject in education, but simultaneously it is very difficult for students to master in the teaching process. With the coming of the information age, the constant emergence of multimedia resources provides a great assistance for English teaching. In this paper, the evaluation on the value of using multimedia assisted teaching resources in English teaching is introduced.     

Microfluidics based on ZnO/nanocrystalline diamond surface acoustic wave devices

Surface acoustic wave (SAW) devices with 64 μm wavelength were fabricated on a zinc oxide (ZnO) film deposited on top of an ultra-smooth nanocrystalline diamond (UNCD) layer. The smooth surface of the UNCD film allowed the growth of the ZnO film with excellent c-axis orientation and low surface roughness, suitable for SAW fabrication, and could restrain the wave from significantly dissipating into the substrate. The frequency response of the fabricated devices was characterized and a Rayleigh mode was observed at ∼65.4 MHz. This mode was utilised to demonstrate that the ZnO/UNCD SAW device can be successfully used for microfluidic applications. Streaming, pumping, and jetting using microdroplets of 0.5 and 20 μl were achieved and characterized under different powers applied to the SAW device, focusing more on the jetting behaviors induced by the ZnO SAW.     

On the cultural legacy of the Cold War: Sino-US educational exchange (1949-1990)

The Cold War affected the Sino-US educational exchange between 1949 and 1990. During those years, preparation for educational exchanges, personal contact and cross-government relations characterized the three periods of the exchanges. However, even though the relationship had developed very fast, it was by no means smooth sailing. These exchanges served as a political barometer and also acted as a conduit between the two when diplomatic relations were non-existent. It eased the tension when the relationship between the two countries had problems. The 40 years of exchanges were a win-win situation for both sides and one of the valuable cultural legacies that came out of the Cold War era.     

长袜子皮皮(节选)

正"大力士"皮皮瑞典有一个小镇,小镇上有一个里面乱七八糟的老果园,果园里有一座小房子,小房子里就住着长袜子皮皮。皮皮九岁,孤零零的一个人。她没妈妈也没爸爸,这真不坏,因为在她玩得正起劲的时候,不会有人叫她去上床睡觉;在她想吃薄荷糖的时候,也不会有人硬要她吃鱼肝油。皮皮有过爸爸、妈妈,不过那是很久很久以前的事了。皮皮的妈妈很早就去     

A microfluidic platform for on-demand formation and merging of microdroplets using electric control

We discuss a microfluidic system in which (programmable) local electric fields originating from embedded and protected electrodes are used to control the formation and merging of droplets in a microchannel. The creation of droplets-on-demand (DOD) is implemented using the principle of electrowetting. Combined with hydrodynamic control, the droplet size and formation frequency can be varied independently. Using two synchronized DOD injectors, merging-on-demand (MOD) is achieved via electrocoalescence. The efficiency of MOD is 98% based on hundreds of observations. These two functionalities can be activated independently.     

Hypertonic saline resuscitation reduces apoptosis of intestinal mucosa in a rat model of hemorrhagic shock

Objective: To investigate the early effects of hypertonic and isotonic saline solutions on apoptosis of intestinal mueosa in rats with hemorrhagic shock. Methods: A model of rat with severe hemorrhagic shock was established in 21 Spragne-Dawley (SD) rats. The rats were randomly divided into the sham group, normal saline resuscitation (NS) group, and hypertonic saline resuscitation (HTS) group, with 7 in each group. We detected and compared the apoptosis in small intestinal mucosa of rats after hemorrhagic shock and resuscitation by terminal deoxynucleotidyl transferase dUTP nick end labelling (TUNEL), FITC (fluo-rescein-iso-tbiocyanate)-Annexin V/PI (propidium iodide) double staining method, and flow cytometry. Results: In the early stage of hemorrhagic shock and resuscitation, marked apoptosis of small intestinal mucosa in the rats of both NS and HTS groups was observed. The numbers of apoptotic cells in these two groups were significantly greater than that in the sham group (P＜0.01). In the HTS group, the apoptic cells significantly decreased, compared with the NS group (P＜0.01). Conclusion: In this rat model of severe hemorrhagic shock, the HTS resuscitation of small volume is more effective than the NS resuscitation in reducing apoptosis of intestinal mucosa in rats, which may improve the prognosis of trauma.     

Genotype-phenotype correlations in Chinese patients with TGFBI gene-linked corneal dystrophy

In this paper, we report the clinical and molecular features of the distinct TGFBI (human transforming growth factor β-induced, OMIM No. 601692) gene-linked corneal dystrophy. Altogether, five pedigrees and ten unrelated individuals diagnosed as corneal dystrophy were recruited. Peripheral venous DNA was extracted, and then amplified by polymerase chain reaction (PCR) and scanned for mutation by single-stranded conformation polymorphism (SSCP). Direct DNA sequencing was used to analyze the mutations of the TGFBI gene. In our study, thirty patients from five pedigrees and ten sporadic patients were diagnosed as four TGFBI gene-linked corneal dystrophies of granular corneal dystrophy type I (GGCD I), Avellino corneal dystrophy (ACD), lattice corneal dystrophy type I (LCD I), and lattice corneal dystrophy type IIIA (LCD IIIA), and in total, seven disease-causing mutations, namely R555W, A546D, A546T, and T538P mutations in exon 12, R124H and R124C mutations in exon 4, and P501T mutation in exon 11, were identified, while four polymorphisms of V327V, L472L, F540F, and 1665-1666insC were screened in exons 8,11, and 12. The study ascertained the tight genotype-phenotype relationship and confirmed the clinical and genetic features of four TGFBI gene-linked corneal dystrophies.