《汉字王国》里的汉字

虎应该是立着的,如同我们在甲骨文中看到的那样——很可能是出于实用的原因：把‘已像其他的字一样整齐地放在行里。但很容易看出,它们是侧视图,四只腿立着。甲骨文中的‘唬’字逐渐变得更加形象化,而这种发展还在继续。在某些金文当中仍然留有虎口、爪和摇摆的尾巴,但它消采矿、。繁杂的笔画里。》＿N入一八iN不借助于甲骨文和金夫扎丁乎无法看出现在的‘“虎”字就是中国动物之王虎的形象。但确实是它。在中国有很多关于虎的有趣故事。其中最有名的是“武松打虎”,他在酷阿大醉时遇到一只老虎,它长期在一个很大的地区伤害百姓,武…     

Association between infection of different strains of <Emphasis Type="Italic">Porphyromonas gingivalis</Emphasis> and <Emphasis Type="Italic">Actinobacillus actinomycetemcomitans</Emphasis> in subgingival plaque and clinical parameters in chronic periodontitis

Objective： The aim of this study was to investigate subgingival infection frequencies ofPorphyromonas gingivalis and Actinobacillus actinomycetemcomitans strains with genetic variation in Chinese chronic periodontitis （CP） patients and to evaluate its correlation with clinical parameters. Methods： Two multiplex polymerase chain reaction （PCR） assays were developed to detect the 16SrDNA, collagenase （prtC） and fimbria （fimA） genes of P. gingivalis and the 16SrDNA, leukotoxin （lktA） and fimbria-associated protein （fap） genes ofA. actinomycetemcomitans in 60 sulcus samples from 30 periodontal healthy subjects and in 122 subgingival plaque samples from 61 patients with CP. The PCR products were further T-A cloned and sent for nucleotide sequence analysis. Results： The 16SrDNA,prtC andfimA genes ofP. gingivalis were detected in 92.6%, 85.2% and 80.3% of the subgingival plaque samples respectively, while the 16SrDNA, lktA andfap genes ofA. actinomycetemcomitans were in 84.4%, 75.4% and 50.0% respectively. Nucleotide sequence analysis showed 98.62%-100% homology of the PCR products in these genes with the reported sequences. P. gingivalis strains with prtC＋/fimA＋ and A. actinomycetemcomitans with lktA＋ were predominant in deep pockets （〉6 mm） or in sites with attachment loss 〉5 mm than in shallow pockets （3-4 mm） or in sites with attachment loss 〈2 mm （P〈0.05）. P. gingivalis strains withprtC＋/fimA＋ also showed higher frequency in gingival index （GI）=3 than in GI=1 group （P〈0.05）. Conclusion： Infection ofP. gingivalis with prtC＋/fimA＋ and A. actinomycetemcomitans with lktA＋ correlates with periodontal destruction of CP in Chinese. Nonetheless P. gingivalis fim4, prtC genes and A. actinomycetem- comitans lktA gene are closely associated with periodontal destruction, while A. actinomycetemcomitansfap gene is not.     

Heart rate and blood lactate responses during competitive Olympic boardsailing

The rules of competitive boardsailing events were changed before the Atlanta Olympic Games. Pumping the sail (pulling repeatedly on the rig) is now allowed and the duration of races has been shortened. Eight members of the French national team (mean age 23+/-2.7 years) participated in this study. Their cardiac and metabolic responses were assessed by measuring heart rate and blood lactate concentration during various competitive events in two strengths of wind (light vs. moderate). Heart rate was higher in light (87.4+/-4.3% HRmax; mean racing time 37 min) than in moderate wind conditions (82.9+/-5.3% HRmax; mean racing time 33 min). The mean post-race blood lactate concentration (5.2+/-1.0 mmol x l(-1)) was not affected by the wind conditions. Mean heart rate was highest during downwind legs (88.0+/-3.1% HRmax; duration 7-10 min). The races consisted of two laps, the first of which induced significantly higher cardiac demands than the second. We conclude that the changes to the rules of competitive boardsailing have increased the cardiac and metabolic efforts involved.     

在文化形态学视野下论中国体育的现代化

运用文化形态学的原理,对我国体育文化进行分析,发现我国体育文化处于一种从农业文化向工业文化过渡的第一次现代化发展期的文化形态,同时全球化带来的复杂环境下多种形态在同一个时代共同挤压在一起的现实的特征,进而以文化发展的规律提出我国体育现代化的策略。     

Immunomodulative effects of mesenchymal stem cells derived from human embryonic stem cells in vivo and in vitro

Objective  

Human embryonic stem cells (hESCs) have recently been reported as an unlimited source of mesenchymal stem cells (MSCs). The present study not only provides an identical and clinically compliant MSC source derived from hESCs (hESC-MSCs), but also describes the immunomodulative effects of hESC-MSCs in vitro and in vivo for a carbon tetrachloride (CCl₄)-induced liver inflammation model.