幼儿园家长志愿者研究综述

幼儿园家长志愿者作为家长参与幼儿园活动的一种有效形式已经引起国内外研究者的关注.无论是从家长本身的需要角度还是从加强家长与教师的紧密关系、促进孩子更好发展的角度来看,家长志愿者参与幼儿园活动都具有重要意义.本文从家长志愿者的招募、培训、激励与评价等方面对国内外的相关研究进行概括与分析,以期对我国家园合作的实践提供一些启示.     

Immune recovery after fluid resuscitation in rats with severe hemorrhagic shock

Objective

To investigate the effects of resuscitation with normal saline (NS), hypertonic saline (HTS), and hydroxyethyl starch (HES) on regulatory T cells (Tregs), helper T 1 (Th1)/Th2 and cytotoxic T 1 (Tc1)/Tc2 profiles in the treatment of hemorrhagic shock.

Methods

Rats subjected to severe hemorrhagic shock were resuscitated for 30 min with NS (n=8), HTS (n=8), or HES (n=8); sham (n=8) and naive control (n=8) groups were used for comparison. Following fluid resuscitation, the whole shed blood was reinfused for 30 min, and the rats were observed with continuous hemodynamic monitoring for 120 min. CD4⁺CD25⁺Foxp3⁺ Treg proportions, Th1/Th2 and Tc1/Tc2 profiles in spleen were analyzed by three-color flow cytometry.

Results

The proportion of CD4⁺CD25⁺Foxp3⁺ Tregs and ratios of Th1/Th2 and Tc1/Tc2 did not differ among control, sham, and HTS groups, but were significantly lower in NS and HES groups (both P<0.05 vs. sham); NS and HES levels were similar. The level of Tc1 was significantly increased in HTS (P<0.05 vs. sham), and levels of Tc2 were increased in NS, HES, and HTS groups compared to sham (all P<0.05), but did not differ from each other.

Conclusions

HTS resuscitation has a greater impact on immune system recovery than NS or HES by preserving the proportion of Tregs and maintaining the balance between Th1/Th2 and Tc1/Tc2 cells in the spleen. Thus, HTS resuscitation provides potential immunomodulatory activity in the early stage after hemorrhagic shock.

     

连接光异构化非天然氨基酸的RGD肽抑制细胞的附着

利用固相肽合成方法 ,将带有光敏基团偶氮苯的非天然氨基酸———苯基偶氮苯基苯丙氨酸与RGD肽连接 ,得到具有光敏功能的RGD肽 .非天然氨基酸连接在C端的RGD肽与HeLa细胞表面的整合素有很强的结合能力 .RGD侧链上的光敏基团的光致异构化对RGD肽与HeLa细胞表面的整合素的结合有一定的影响     

"软治理"中的"硬政治":论欧盟教育治理中的开放协调法

在欧盟教育治理进程中,出于对权能(competence)问题以及"共同体方法"(community method)存在不足的考虑,欧盟采取的治理形式实现了从"硬治理"(hard governance)到"软治理"(soft governance)的转变,其主要目的 是更有效地适应欧洲一体化发展的"硬政治"的需求.作为欧盟"软治理"的重要工具,开放协调法(Open Method of Coordination)发端于欧盟就业和经济政策改革,成型于里斯本峰会,应用领域不断拓展.在教育领域中,开放协调法通过形成共同目标、设立基准和指标、制定国家或地方战略以及开展监测与同伴活动四个步骤,有力推动了欧盟成员国教育政策的趋同.实践证明,该工具有效地发挥了多元治理的作用、改善了成员国的教育表现、加速了欧盟的教育一体化,但是与此同时也面临着数据可比性存疑、缺乏相应约束机制以及民主赤字问题凸显等问题和挑战,仍需要进一步发展完善.     

预见人工智能的未来及其教育影响——以社会性科幻为载体的思想实验

科幻故事是前沿科技未来发展图景的社会性文化投射,是研究未来社会发展的重要素材.以社会性科幻作为思想实验载体,研究从人工智能技术性能和人机交互程度两个维度出发,系统梳理了人机扩展、人机交互、人机融合、人机扩展等四类典型的社会性科幻故事.通过对人工智能应用典型场景的社会性想象,研究揭示出人工智能在促进人类与社会发展上的四种效能:延伸人体身体机能的重要手段、增强人机协同的有效方式、引发智能生产倍增的新型载体、变革社会关系与结构的驱动力.因此,为了顺应人工智能驱动下未来社会发展的趋势,在当下的教育改革中,我们需要把握人工智能驱动下教育系统的核心价值取向,定位创新人才培养的教育目标.在此基础上,聚焦人工智能驱动下教育系统的关键要素,从大规模个性化学习、重塑知识观及教学创新模式、未来教师教育及专业发展等维度,形成实现教育目标的实践路径.最后,需要着眼人工智能驱动下教育系统的结构性变迁,科学治理教育生态系统.     

预见人工智能的未来及其教育影响——以社会性科幻为载体的思想实验

科幻故事是前沿科技未来发展图景的社会性文化投射,是研究未来社会发展的重要素材.以社会性科幻作为思想实验载体,研究从人工智能技术性能和人机交互程度两个维度出发,系统梳理了人机扩展、人机交互、人机融合、人机扩展等四类典型的社会性科幻故事.通过对人工智能应用典型场景的社会性想象,研究揭示出人工智能在促进人类与社会发展上的四种效能:延伸人体身体机能的重要手段、增强人机协同的有效方式、引发智能生产倍增的新型载体、变革社会关系与结构的驱动力.因此,为了顺应人工智能驱动下未来社会发展的趋势,在当下的教育改革中,我们需要把握人工智能驱动下教育系统的核心价值取向,定位创新人才培养的教育目标.在此基础上,聚焦人工智能驱动下教育系统的关键要素,从大规模个性化学习、重塑知识观及教学创新模式、未来教师教育及专业发展等维度,形成实现教育目标的实践路径.最后,需要着眼人工智能驱动下教育系统的结构性变迁,科学治理教育生态系统.     

Screening beneficial bacteriostatic lactic acid bacteria in the intestine and studies of bacteriostatic substances

Lactic acid bacteria(LAB) are a representative probiotic. As the dominant flora in the human intestinal tract, LAB can regulate the balance of human intestinal flora and improve host health. The purpose of this study was to isolate and screen LAB that are well suited to the intestinal characteristics of the Chinese population, with excellent probiotics and high antibacterial activity. After 16 S ribosomal RNA(rRNA) homology and phylogenetic tree analysis, potential probiotics were tested for their antibacterial activity, resistance to artificial gastrointestinal fluid and drugs, surface hydrophobicity, and safety.Three strains of LAB with acid resistance, bile salt resistance, epithelial cell adhesion, and no multidrug resistance were selected: Lactobacillus salivarius, Leuconostoc lactis, and Lactobacillus paracasei. Analysis of the antibacterial active substances in the three strains and their fermentation broths revealed that the main antibacterial substances of L. lactis were organic acids, whereas those of L. salivarius and L. paracasei were organic acids and bacteriocins with broad-spectrum antibacterial activity. These three strains of probiotic LAB with high antibacterial activity were identified as bacterial resources that could potentially be used to develop probiotic preparations for the prevention and treatment of intestinal diseases caused by intestinal pathogens.     

互联网+背景下社区数字化学习资源整合策略研究

针对社区数字化学习的实际问题,以学习资源的整合为方向,分析当前社区数字化学习面临的问题,提出学习素材的筛选、学习资源的延拓、学习难度的分级、学习应用的监测等互联网+背景下的具体方法,以及增加调研与检测功能模块、学习素材的评价体系、"主页化"学习素材共享机制、"全民化"学习素材内容创作通道等措施,有利于构建全新的数字化学习方式系统,让学习者可以借助多元的学习形式,来进行高品质的学习和探索,进而促成自身的持续发展和终身发展。     

乡村教师的污名化媒介镜像:何以建构与如何解构

乡村教师污名化媒介镜像,即新闻媒介对乡村教师进行符号化生产和意义书写后所呈现的一种消极、刻板且非真实的样貌.通过对相关媒体报道内容梳理,发现存在“师德不良的妖魔化形象”“穷酸落魄的悲情化形象”和“伤痕累累的牺牲者形象”三类乡村教师污名化媒介镜像.新闻媒体主要通过标签策略、反差策略和夸大策略,有意形塑或无意建构乡村教师污名化媒介镜像,这一镜像不利于乡村教师的身份认同.因此,应从加强对拟态环境的监管、提高乡村教师的社会地位和媒介话语权、提升乡村教师专业素质和媒介素养等方面入手,解构乡村教师污名化媒介镜像,助力乡村教师发展和乡村教育振兴.     

我国森林生物灾害及其基础研究

本文阐述了我国森林生物灾害发生的特点和趋势，总结了我国森林生 物灾害基础研究工作，提出了我国森林生物灾害的几个重要 的基础问题，以期整合研究资源、集中目标进一步推动我国森林生物灾害的基础研究。