循环经济发展的影响因素研究

循环经济是贯彻可持续发展战略的重要措施。发展循环经济要明确影响循环经济的各个因素及其相互联系,发挥各个因素的积极作用,带动循环经济以及整个国民经济的运行。     

Helping Homeless Families Overcome Barriers to Successful Functioning

The author articulates key stressors in the lives of families who are homeless. These stresses often combine with barriers such as lack of job opportunities and/or insensitive professionals. Strategies for helping homeless families overcome these barriers and related issues are presented.     

地方高水平大学融入区域创新体系的价值分析与路径选择

地方高水平大学是地方高校的排头兵和区域创新的中坚力量,在区域创新体系建设中发挥着重要的价值与功能。它们是区域高素质创新人才培养的主力军、区域知识和技术创新的动力源、区域高新技术产业集群的孵化器和区域创新文化的策源地。当前,我国区域创新体系建设进入发展拐点,地方高水平大学应从明确融入角色定位、大力加强学科建设、深化交流与协作、创新治理体制机制等路径入手,主动融入区域创新体系,充分发挥其在区域创新体系建设及其优化重构中的引领、支撑作用。     

论古代云南建水的国际交流

云南建水是中国历史文化名城。自古以来 ,建水就是民族迁徙的途经之路和聚居地 ,国际交流的交通要道和咽喉地带 ,历代王朝的军事前哨和边徼重地 ,民族文化融和的纽带和传播走廊 ,在古代的国际交流中扮演着重要角色。     

The relation of multiple-schedule behavioral contrast to deprivation,time in session,and within-session changes in responding

Pigeons' keypecking was reinforced by food on baseline schedules of multiple variable interval (VI) x VI x and on contrast schedules of multiple VI x VI y. Deprivation of food was varied by maintaining subjects at 75%, 85%, and 95% (+/- 2%) of their free-feeding weights. Positive and negative behavioral contrast were observed. The size of the contrast was not systematically altered by changes in deprivation. Positive and negative contrast were both larger later in the session than they were earlier. Within-session decreases in responding were steeper for the baseline than for the contrast schedules for positive contrast. Within-session decreases were steeper for the contrast than for the baseline schedules for negative contrast. These results were predicted by the idea that different amounts of habituation to the reinforcer during the baseline and contrast schedules contribute to behavioral contrast. The results show that contrast occurs under conditions that reduce the effect of the following component. The results support the assumption that positive and negative contrast are produced by symmetrical theoretical variables.     

Impact of brief or extended extinction of a taste aversion on inhibitory associations: Evidence from summation,retardation, and preference tests

In five conditioned taste aversion experiments with rats, summation, retardation, and preference tests were used to assess the effects of extinguishing a conditioned saccharin aversion for three or nine trials. In Experiment 1, a summation test showed that saccharin aversion extinguished over nine trials reduced the aversion to a merely conditioned flavor (vinegar), whereas three saccharin extinction trials did not subsequently influence the vinegar aversion. Experiment 2 clarified that result, with unpaired controls equated on flavor exposure prior to testing; the results with those controls suggested that the flavor extinguished for nine trials produced generalization decrement during testing. In Experiment 3, the saccharin aversion reconditioned slowly after nine extinction trials, but not after three. Those results suggested the development of latent inhibition after more than three extinction trials. Preference tests comparing saccharin consumption with a concurrently available fluid (water in Experiment 4, saline in Experiment 5) showed that the preference for saccharin was greater after nine extinction trials than after three. However, saccharin preference after nine extinction trials was not greater, as compared with that for either latent inhibition controls (Experiments 4 and 5) or a control given equated exposures to saccharin and trained to drink saline at a high rate prior to testing (Experiment 5). Concerns about whether conditioned inhibition has been demonstrated in any flavor aversion procedure are discussed. Our findings help explain both successes and failures in demonstrating postextinction conditioned response recovery effects reported in the conditioned taste aversion literature, and they can be explained using a memory interference account.     

师生冲突的概念界定与分类探究——基于刘易斯·科塞的冲突分类理论

论文通过借鉴和辨析社会学理论中的冲突概念,对师生冲突概念作出界定。根据美国当代社会学家刘易斯·科塞的冲突分类理论,对学校师生冲突进行分类研究。在此基础上提出了三个观点:学校师生冲突的多数属于非现实性冲突;师生结构由紧密走向松散是师生冲突增多的重要原因;师生冲突具有一定的正面功能。     

Land degradation,government subsidy,and smallholders’ conservation decision: the case of the loess plateau in China

Land degradation is one of the severe environmental problems in China. In order to combat land degradation, a soil conservation program was introduced since 2000 to reduce soil erosion by converting slope-cultivated land into forestry and pasture. This paper represents the first systematic attempt to investigate the impact of the soil conservation program on land degradation in the loess plateau. The results indicate that the soil conservation program to convert slope fields into forest or pasture is an effective way to combat soil erosion. However, a subsidy that is higher than profit of land use activity of slope fields before their conversion into forest and pasture is needed to encourage farmers to join the conservation program. A policy measure to encourage and assist farmers to develop sedentary livestock by using crops produced from fields as well as fodder and forage grass from the converted slope fields might contribute to combat soil erosion. Increase in off-farm job opportunities may encourage households to reduce cultivation in slope fields. That implies a policy measure to encourage rural urbanization might contribute to combat soil erosion.     

入世对中国职业教育的影响及对策

中国加入WTO后,职业教育既迎来了良好的发展机遇,又面临着严峻挑战。面对新形势,职业教育应建立新的办学管理体制,调整人才培养结构,开展国际交流与合作,与国际职业资格证书接轨,增强国际竞争力。     

论线性受控电源的二重性

本文从电源性和负载性两方面来阐述线性受控电源的二重性 .在其电源性的阐述中 ,突破了应用叠加定理的禁区 ,并对同一应用实例从其电源性和负载性两方面阐述 ,得出相互一致、协调的结果 ,进而将受控电源的电源性和负载性辩证地统一起来 ,使受控电源的理论更加完美