入世对中国职业教育的影响及对策

中国加入WTO后,职业教育既迎来了良好的发展机遇,又面临着严峻挑战。面对新形势,职业教育应建立新的办学管理体制,调整人才培养结构,开展国际交流与合作,与国际职业资格证书接轨,增强国际竞争力。     

长青自然保护区中国种子植物特有属的初步研究

长青自然保护区内种子植物资源丰富多样,仅中国特有植物就有30属,占全国特有属总属数的11．67％,占长青自然保护区种子植物总属数的4.12％,隶属于26科．其中单种属17个,少种属12个,两者共占保护区的特有属总属数的96．67％,多种属1个．保护区内的特有植物以温带性质为主,并且具有明显的古老性．特有植物与毗邻省区有广泛的联系,特别是与四川、湖北、陕西化龙山的联系最为密切,共有的特有植物比例高．同时也表现出与整个秦岭地区植物区系较为密切的关系．因此,长青自然保护区不仅在地理位置上,而且在特有植物成分组成上与“川东—鄂西中国特有植物分布中心”存在十分密切的联系．     

输电线路防雷评价模型及管理系统设计

通过相关影响线路耐雷水平各项因素分析,并借助计算机辅助设计管理系统,建立防雷评价模型,得到综合比较整体评价结果,同时以某一改造工程实例加以验证,从运行情况看,改造后的线路工程达到了预期目标,有效地减少了线路雷击.     

Measures of Teachers' Workload

The measurement of teachers' workload has till now been subjective. Teachers feel that they have a great responsibility to their pupils and to society and their workload heavy, while non-teachers may have different views. This debate occurs even amongst teachers teaching different subjects and levels in a school as well as amongst teachers in different schools. A comparison of teachers' workload in different countries is also particularly difficult because of different class sizes, curriculum time, etc. It is therefore essential to provide a quantitative and objective measure for evaluating teachers' workload. This measure can then be used as a reference by school principals when allocating extra duties to teachers. It is also useful to education authorities when deploying teachers to various schools in centralized education systems.     

卢梭和马克思的异化理论比较

法文“aliéner”和“aliénation”现在通译成“异化”,它的本意是“转让”“出卖”。卢梭是在现代意义上使用“异化”概念的第一人,他认为,文明社会中的人与其正当的需求和本性相异化。马克思则认为,“异化”就是主体在发展过程中由于自身的活动而产生出自己的对立面———客体,而这种客体又成为一种外在的异己的力量反过来反对主体自身。他比较看重的是劳动异化。两位大师的异化理论,对处在现代化进程中的中国有着重要的启示。     

工学交替培养机制探析

职业教育实行工学交替势在必行。对其进行机制分析,是非常必要和及时的。市场、政策、评价“三维导向”机制,阐释了工学交替诞生的必然性、规范性和可能性;企业、学校、学生“三方共赢”机制,解释了三方在实施工学交替中的共生共荣效应;用长效、保障、激励机制,从可持续发展、管理、法规政策层面进行了相关问题透析,探索了工学交替一些运作举措。     

构建体现远程开放教育特点和规律的校园文化

在远程开放教育中加强校园文化建设,是素质教育理论与实践的重大突破,标志着对素质教育的认识步入一个新的阶段,也标志着对终身教育的认识步入一个新的阶段。远程开放教育条件下的校园文化建设,有其自身的特点和规律,必须坚持以人的全面发展为指导思想,以教育教学为主要依托,以网络环境为基本载体,以各类活动为重要手段,以社会实践为有机环节,以主体自觉为内在动力,在教育教学中贯穿素质教育,在网络环境中营造文化氛围,在各类活动中陶冶高尚情操,在社会实践中增强适应能力,在心理健康教育中完善人格,促进学生的素质提升和全面发展。     

北京志愿者协会之发展道路研究

本文首先对北京志愿者协会进行了概要介绍,接着对协会的优势劣势进行了解析,最后对于北京志愿者协会的发展道路进行了思考,指出北京志愿者协会可以和其他营利组织合作“创收”、实现协的独立和自主性、发展一种志愿服务的文化范围、形成有效的志愿者服务的激励机制。     

Genetic analysis of fruit shape traits at different maturation stages in sponge gourd

The fruit shape is important quantitative trait closely related to the fruit quality. However, the genetic model of fruit shapes has not been proposed. Therefore, in the present study, analysis of genetic effects for fruit shape traits （fruit length and fruit perimeter） in sponge gourd was conducted by employing a developmental genetic model including fruit direct effects and maternal effects. Analysis approaches of unconditional and conditional variances were applied to evaluate the genetic behavior of fruit shape traits at economical and physiological maturation times. The results of variance analysis indicated that fruit length and fruit perimeter were simultaneously affected by fruit direct genetic effects and maternal effects. Fruit direct genetic effects were relatively more important for fruit shape traits at whole developmental period. The gene expression was most active at the economical maturation stage （1-12 d after flowering） for two shape traits, and the activation of gene was mostly due to direct dominance effects at physiological maturation stage （13-60 datter flowering）. The coefficients due to different genetic effects, as well as the phenotypic correlation coefficients, varied significantly between fruit shape traits themselves at various maturation stages. The results showed that it was relatively easy to improve fruit shape traits for industrial purpose by carefully selecting the parents at economical maturation stage instead of that at physiological maturation stage.     

模态试验分析在教学中的应用和实践

模态试验分析是了解结构动态特性的有效手段.通过模态试验,可以计算出结构的固有频率、模态振型、阻尼比等参数,为结构设计与优化打下坚实的基础.在实验教学中,通过对模态试验的基本原理、主要步骤和试验中注意事项的介绍和分析,可以指导学生完成模态实验,加深学生对理论知识的理解和掌握,提高学生的动手能力、独立思考能力和分析解决问题的能力.