LIKE THE PHOENIX FROM ITS ASHES: THE INTER‐UNIVERSITY CENTRE OF DUBROVNIK

This article traces the efforts of the Inter‐University Centre of Dubrovnik (Croatia) to cope with the destruction of its building in December 1991 and in general with the war in former Yugoslavia and the political changes in Europe as a whole since 1990. Some idea of the history of the Centre is given, its course offerings, and its hopes for the future.     

THE CHANGING FACE OF THE UNIVERSITY AND THE INTERNATIONALIZATION OF TEACHING AND RESEARCH

As everyone knows, the aims and the goals of university life are quite frequently contradictory. This characteristic is no less true of the internationalization of higher education by means of various forms of international co‐operation: faculty and student exchanges and the like. Often the universities of given nations will engage in such ventures so that they and their backers, specific national enterprises, can gain a competitive edge, one over the other, in areas that produce short‐term wealth for specific interests rather than long‐term solutions to such vital world problems as the destruction of the ozone layer, air and water pollution, and the depletion of vital natural resources. Academics who are true internationalists will see to it that solutions for these and for other “real” problems of mankind are given first priority.     

Similarity of Interpersonal Behaviour in Career Counselling

This article explores how similarities in expected and perceived in-session behaviour between clients and career counsellors are related to evaluation of sessions. Interpersonal behaviour was defined by the Structural Analysis of Social Behaviour, SASB (Benjamin, Journal of Consulting and Clinical Psychology, 64(6), 1203–1212, 1996a; Journal of Personality Assessment, 66(2), 248–266, 1996b; Interpersonal diagnosis and treatment of personality disorders. New York, NY, Guilford Press). Fifteen dyads of clients and career counsellors in a Swedish upper secondary school participated. The hypotheses were that if clients and career counsellors had more similar expectations regarding their behaviour and more similar perceptions of in-session behaviour this would lead to more positive evaluations of the session. Only weak support was found for an association between positive evaluation of sessions and interpersonal similarities in expectations and experiences of behaviour.

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Résumé. Comportement interpersonnel dans l’entretien vocationnel. Cet article explore la manière dont les similitudes dans le comportement attendu et perçu à l’intérieur de sessions entre des clients et des conseillers d’orientation sont liées à l’évaluation de ces sessions. Le comportement interpersonnel a été défini par la Structural Analysis of Social Behaviour, SASB(Analyse Structurale du Comportement Social, ASCS) (Benjamin, 1996). Quinze dyades de clients et de conseillers d’orientation dans une école secondaire suédoise de deuxième cycle ont participé à cette étude. Les hypothèses étaient que si les clients et les conseillers d’orientation avaient des attentes concernant leur comportement et des perceptions du comportement intra-session plus proches, ceci mènerait à des évaluations plus positives de la session. On n’a trouvé qu’un faible appui à l’association entre l’évaluation positive des sessions et les similitudes interpersonnelles dans les attentes et les perceptions comportementales.Zusammenfassung. Interpersonelles Verhalten in der Beruflichen Beratung. Dieser Artikel untersucht die Einflüsse zwischen dem erwarteten und dem wahrgenommenen Verhalten von Klienten und Beratern während Beratungssitzungen und der Bewertung dieser Sitzungen. Das interpersonelle Verhalten wurde auf der Grundlage der “Strukturanalyse für soziales Verhalten (Structural Analysis of Social Behaviour, SASB, Benjamin, 1996) ausgewertet. Fünfzehn Klienten-Berater-Paare aus einer höheren Sekundar-Schule in Schweden nahmen an der Untersuchung teil. Ausgangshypothese war, dass die Bewertung der Beratungssitzung um so positiver ausfallen würde, je ähnlicher sich die Verhaltenserwartungen von Klienten und Beratern und die gegenseitigen Verhaltenswahrnehmungen sind. Für diesen vermuteten Zusammenhang zwischen positiver Bewertung einer Sitzung und interpersonellen Verhaltenserwartungen und –beobachtungen wurde jedoch nur ein sehr schwacher Nachweis gefunden.Resumen. Comportamiento Interpersonal en la Orientación (personalizada) para la Carrera. Este artículo explora cómo las semejanzas en el comportamiento esperado y percibido en las sesiones de orientación entre los clientes y los orientadores están relacionadas con la evaluación de dichas sesiones. El comportamiento interpersonal fue definido en el Análisis Estructural del Comportamiento Social (Benjamín, 1996). Participaron quince díadas de clientes y orientadores en una escuela secundaria superior sueca. La hipótesis de partida era que si los clientes y orientadores tenían expectativas semejantes con respecto a su comportamiento y percepciones más parecidas sobre el comportamiento en la sesión, esto llevaría a evaluaciones más positivas de la sesión. Los resultados proporcionaron sólo un débil apoyo a la relación entre la evaluación positiva de las sesiones y las semejanzas interpersonales en expectativas y experiencias de comportamiento.

     

What's worth talking about? Meaning‐making in toddler‐initiated co‐narratives in preschool

To elaborate narratives, toddlers are dependent on adult co‐construction. Both children and teachers make meaning and learn together. This article examines what themes toddlers introduce in mealtime conversations in preschool. The object of analysis is 39 toddler‐initiated co‐narratives constructed by toddlers and teachers in 15 videotaped meals during a case study in Norway in 2003/2004. (In Norway children from one to six years old attend preschool.) The results unfold variations of co‐narratives about important life themes. Emotions not only influenced what was said and how it was said, they also constituted issues in children's lives. The stories were about anger, fear, loss and desire. The utterances and voices in the co‐narrations bear a polyphony of cultural meaning.     

Researcher development through doctoral training in research integrity

ABSTRACT

The article explores research integrity training for PhD-students as a site of production of academic cultures and researcher development. Based on ethnographies of four courses in research integrity, conducted in four faculties of a large comprehensive Danish university, the article explores the vital role of academic developers, teachers, and course participants in the active translation of institutional, national, and international policies into research practices. We argue that doctoral training in research integrity does not entail the direct implementation of policy and codes from above; rather, it is a site for the development and negotiation of the meaning of research integrity in disciplinary cultures and standards, and, critically, for the responsibilisation of individual researchers in policy enactment. We show how doctoral training has become a key site for the emergence of research integrity as a field. It is also a privileged site for researching contested and multidirectional processes of policy formation and implementation.     

The Effects of Morning Naps, Car Trips, and Maternal Separation on Adrenocortical Activity in Human Infants

3 studies of adrenocortical activity in healthy 9-month-old infants were conducted to examine unanticipated results obtained in previous research. In the first study, morning naps were examined and found to be associated with significant decreases in salivary cortisol. These decreases were followed by a significant return to prenap cortisol concentrations. In the second study, riding for 40 min in the car was also shown to significantly lower salivary cortisol concentrations. This effect was obtained both for infants who did and who did not sleep during the car trip. In the third study, the effect of 30 min of maternal separation in the laboratory on salivary cortisol was compared to the effect of 30 min of play with mother present. Separation resulted in significantly higher salivary cortisol concentrations as compared to play with mother present. In general, correlations between cortisol and behavior were found to be nonsignificant under conditions that did not produce stress elevations in cortisol, while less positive, more distressed behaviour was significantly correlated with cortisol under separation or stress conditions.     

Close encounters of the digital kind: A research agenda for the digitalization of public services

This paper contributes to e-government research by presenting a review and discussion on how digitalization of public services has affected the interaction between citizens and government. We argue for a conceptualization and critical reflection on the nature of the underlying interaction between citizens and public officials - the public encounter - that digital public services are developed to support. We apply a qualitative and hermeneutic approach and illustrate that digital public services change public encounters concerning when, where, and how interactions occur, what each actor does, and the skills required of them. By relating these changes to emerging digital technologies (e.g. data mining, machine learning, sensor technology, and service automation), we illustrate that while these new technologies carry the potential to further digitalize service provision and fulfill the democratic goals of digital government, authorities can apply the same technology to restrict, control, and surveil citizens. Based on a critical discussion on what digitalization might entail for society, we identify problem areas arising from this development and propose a research agenda for understanding this phenomenon further. We raise questions and ethical concerns regarding accountability and reskilling of citizens and public officials as public service provision becomes citizen self-service.     

Beyond Stimulus Deprivation: Iron Deficiency and Cognitive Deficits in Postinstitutionalized Children

Children adopted from institutions have been studied as models of the impact of stimulus deprivation on cognitive development (Nelson, Bos, Gunnar, & Sonuga‐Barke, 2011), but these children may also suffer from micronutrient deficiencies (Fuglestad et al., 2008). The contributions of iron deficiency (ID) and duration of deprivation on cognitive functioning in children adopted from institutions between 17 and 36 months of age were examined. ID was assessed in 55 children soon after adoption, and cognitive functioning was evaluated 11–14.6 months postadoption when the children averaged 37.4 months old (SD = 4.9). ID at adoption and longer duration of institutional care independently predicted lower IQ scores and executive function (EF) performance. IQ did not mediate the association between ID and EF.     

From Words to Concepts: Focusing on Word Knowledge When Teaching for Conceptual Understanding Within an Inquiry-Based Science Setting

This qualitative video study explores how two elementary school teachers taught for conceptual understanding throughout different phases of science inquiry. The teachers implemented teaching materials with a focus on learning science key concepts through the development of word knowledge. A framework for word knowledge was applied to examine the students’ level of word knowledge manifested in their talk. In this framework, highly developed knowledge of a word is conceptual knowledge. This includes understanding how the word is situated within a network of other words and ideas. The results suggest that students’ level of word knowledge develops toward conceptual knowledge when the students are required to apply the key concepts in their talk throughout all phases of inquiry. When the students become familiar with the key concepts through the initial inquiry activities, the students use the concepts as tools for furthering their conceptual understanding when they discuss their ideas and findings. However, conceptual understanding is not promoted when teachers do the talking for the students, rephrasing their responses into the correct answer or neglecting to address the students’ everyday perceptions of scientific phenomena.