试论奥林匹克精神与校园精神文明建设

通过本课题的研究，发现奥林匹克精神教育与校园精神文明建设活动，在物质文明和精神文明的有机统一性、内容的先进性、理论和实践的统一性、开放性和高度融合性等方面有诸多相似性，这为我们突破传统校园精神文明建设的形式和途径打下了坚实的基础。通过在校园弘扬奥林匹克精神，校园精神文明建设将取得良好成效。     

地下冷却池在制冷空调工程中的应用研究

本文针对困惑制冷与空调工程中的能耗、污染和噪声问题,提出了一种新的冷却循环技术——利用地热能制冷。文中分析了“地热制冷”的理论依据,提供了大量实测试验数据和地下冷却池的设计方法,得出了地热制冷能在各种复杂工况条件下长期、高效和安全运行的结论。     

混合学习

计算机多媒体技术和网络技术的不断进步，有力地促进了现代教育技术和现代教育理论的大发展。从现代教育技术和现代教育理论近十年的发展来看，一种趋势日益明显，就是“混合学习”(Blending Learning)。     

Enhancing students’ mathematical reasoning in the classroom: teacher actions facilitating generalization and justification

A proof is a connected sequence of assertions that includes a set of accepted statements, forms of reasoning and modes of representing arguments. Assuming reasoning to be central to proving and aiming to develop knowledge about how teacher actions may promote students’ mathematical reasoning, we conduct design research where whole-class mathematical discussions triggered by exploratory tasks play a key role. We take mathematical reasoning as making justified inferences and we consider generalizing and justifying central reasoning processes. Regarding teacher actions, we consider inviting, informing/suggesting, supporting/guiding and challenging actions can be identified in whole-class discussions. This paper presents design principles for an intervention geared to tackle such reasoning processes and focuses on a whole-class discussion on a grade 7 lesson about linear equations and functions. Data analysis concerns teacher actions in relation to design principles and to the sought mathematical reasoning processes. The conclusions highlight teacher actions that lead students to generalize and justify. Generalizations may arise from a central challenging action or from several guiding actions. Regarding justifications, a main challenging action seems to be essential, while follow-up guiding actions may promote a further development of this reasoning process. Thus, this paper provides a set of design principles and a characterization of teacher actions which enhance students’ mathematical reasoning processes such as generalization and justification.     

Changing classroom culture,curricula, and instruction for proof and proving: how amenable to scaling up,practicable for curricular integration,and capable of producing long-lasting effects are current interventions?

This paper is a commentary on the classroom interventions on the teaching and learning of proof reported in the seven empirical papers in this special issue. The seven papers show potential to enhance student learning in an area of mathematics that is not only notoriously difficult for students to learn and for teachers to teach, but also critically important to knowing and doing mathematics. Although the seven papers, and the intervention studies they report, vary in many ways—student population, content domain, goals and duration of the intervention, and theoretical perspectives, to name a few—they all provide valuable insight into ways in which classroom experiences might be designed to positively influence students’ learning to prove. In our commentary, we highlight the contributions and promise of the interventions in terms of whether and how they present capacity to change the classroom culture, the curriculum, or instruction. In doing so, we distinguish between works that aim to enhance students’ preparedness for, and competence in, proof and proving and works that explicitly foster appreciation for the need and importance of proof and proving. Finally, we also discuss briefly the interventions along three dimensions: how amenable to scaling up, how practicable for curricular integration, and how capable of producing long-lasting effects these interventions are.     

Teaching multidigit multiplication: combining multiple frameworks to analyse a class episode

This paper provides an analysis of a teaching episode of the multidigit algorithm for multiplication, with a focus on the influence of the teacher’s mathematical knowledge on their teaching. The theoretical framework uses Mathematical Knowledge for Teaching, mathematical pertinence of the teacher and structuration of the milieu in a descending and ascending a priori analysis and an a posteriori analysis. This analysis shows a development of different didactical situations and some links between mathematical knowledge and pertinence. In the conclusion, the contribution of the frameworks from both French and Anglo-American origins is briefly addressed.