新工科背景下机器人工程专业教学模式探索

随着我国智能制造业的快速发展,机器人产业也快速增长,社会急需大量的机器人工程专业人才,机器人学科作为一门新工科,其相关专业的人才培养模式还在不断摸索中。传统的教学模式已不能满足新工科的内涵和发展要求。因此,本文以产业需求为导向,分析了当前机器人工程专业在人才培养过程中存在的问题,并结合自身的实践项目和教学经验,为高校机器人工程专业人才培养提出建议。     

Convergent genomic signatures of high-altitude adaptation among domestic mammals

Abundant and diverse domestic mammals living on the Tibetan Plateau provide useful materials for investigating adaptive evolution and genetic convergence. Here, we used 327 genomes from horses, sheep, goats, cattle, pigs and dogs living at both high and low altitudes, including 73 genomes generated for this study, to disentangle the genetic mechanisms underlying local adaptation of domestic mammals. Although molecular convergence is comparatively rare at the DNA sequence level, we found convergent signature of positive selection at the gene level, particularly the EPAS1 gene in these Tibetan domestic mammals. We also reported a potential function in response to hypoxia for the gene C10orf67, which underwent positive selection in three of the domestic mammals. Our data provide an insight into adaptive evolution of high-altitude domestic mammals, and should facilitate the search for additional novel genes involved in the hypoxia response pathway.     

Genomic consequences of population decline in critically endangered pangolins and their demographic histories

Pangolins are among the most critically endangered animals due to heavy poaching and worldwide trafficking. However, their demographic histories and the genomic consequences of their recent population declines remain unknown. We generated high-quality de novo reference genomes for critically endangered Malayan (Manis javanica, MJ) and Chinese (M. pentadactyla, MP) pangolins and re-sequencing population genomic data from 74 MJs and 23 MPs. We recovered the population identities of illegally traded pangolins and previously unrecognized genetic populations that should be protected as evolutionarily distinct conservation units. Demographic reconstruction suggested environmental changes have resulted in a population size fluctuation of pangolins. Additionally, recent population size declines due to human activities have resulted in an increase in inbreeding and genetic load. Deleterious mutations were enriched in genes related to cancer/diseases and cholesterol homeostasis, which may have increased their susceptibility to diseases and decreased their survival potential to adapt to environmental changes and high-cholesterol diets. This comprehensive study provides not only high-quality pangolin reference genomes, but also valuable information concerning the driving factors of long-term population size fluctuations and the genomic impact of recent population size declines due to human activities, which is essential for pangolin conservation management and global action planning.     

Rapid phenotypic evolution with shallow genomic differentiation during early stages of high elevation adaptation in Eurasian Tree Sparrows

Known as the ‘third polar region’, the Qinghai-Tibet Plateau represents one of the harshest highland environments in the world and yet a number of organisms thrive there. Previous studies of birds, animals and humans have focused on well-differentiated populations in later stages of phenotypic divergence. The adaptive processes during the initial phase of highland adaptation remain poorly understood. We studied a human commensal, the Eurasian Tree Sparrow, which has followed human agriculture to the Qinghai-Tibet Plateau. Despite strong phenotypic differentiation at multiple levels, in particular in muscle-related phenotypes, highland and lowland populations show shallow genomic divergence and the colonization event occurred within the past few thousand years. In a one-month acclimation experiment investigating phenotypic plasticity, we exposed adult lowland tree sparrows to a hypoxic environment and did not observe muscle changes. Through population genetic analyses, we identified a signature of polygenic adaptation, whereby shifts in allele frequencies are spread across multiple loci, many of which are associated with muscle-related processes. Our results reveal a case of positive selection in which polygenic adaptation appears to drive rapid phenotypic evolution, shedding light on early stages of adaptive evolution to a novel environment.     

资本结构理论与中小型高新技术企业融资

沿M-M定理建立起来的现代资本结构理论在完全市场条件的假设下认为,由于债务融资具有利息节税效益,企业外部融资应将债务融资放在首位,股权融资为最后的选择。但是,中小型高新技术企业与传统行业的大企业相比,具有风险等级不一致、信息不对称等特殊性质,这使资本结构理论存在的前提条件发生了根本性变化。对称于其成长阶段的信息不对称程度、风险等级,其最优融资策略具有明显的动态性,不同的成长阶段具有不同的最优融资策略,且如果将股权融资放在外部融资的优先位置,债务融资就是其最后的选择。     

文化多元、沟通协调与全球虚拟团队管理

摘要:在全球虚拟团队中,全体成员并不只有同一种想法。可能来自不同文化的队员对团队目标、团队关系准则以及团队活动有不同的理解。全球虚拟团队的潜在优势是创建和谐的文化氛围,提高团队成员的凝聚力和创造性,激发其对新观点的接受能力进而为跨国公司提供竞争优势。     

网络经济下的电子商务成本分析

电子商务是21世纪新的经济增长点,代表着未来经济的发展方向,而目前电子商务的亏损使得人们对电子商务的成本进行分析和探讨。电子商务使交易形式由实体市场转为虚拟市场,这就可能导致交易成本的变化。B2B模式分析了电子商务的成本构成及电子商务下的企业交易成本的变化,探讨了B2B电子商务模式对交易成本的影响。     

基于学案体文献的儒家学术史可视化分析与呈现

学案体是记述学术源流的主要体裁,学案体史书为研究历代学术思想史提供了翔实可靠的文献资料。本文利用学案体文献的体例特征,对学术关系进行统计、分类和绘图,实现对儒学流派和师承、家学渊源和交游等关系的可视化呈现,描绘学术史的整体特征。本文从三个层面展开分析:在宏观层面上,对学案体文献中的人物及关系数量予以统计描述以了解学术背景;在中观层面上,对学案传承、学术源流进行可视化;在微观层面上,通过“先驱→同辈→后继”这一关系序列构建学术传承网络,以发现学案中的“学派”。本文展现了数字人文方法在跨时代儒家学术史研究中的应用潜力,用可视化的方式生动呈现了学案体文献之间的联系,为传统的人文研究提供了新视角和新方法。图7。表2。参考文献32。     

基于期权博弈的技术创新投资的定量分析

本文基于期权博弈的框架,回顾了技术创新投资及其评估的研究,在技术创新项目投资作理论模型分析的基础上,对技术创新投资的期权博弈研究作了定量分析,并提出了进一步研究的方向。