ВСТРЕЧА ЗИМЫ

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玩具冲击筒

找一段20～30厘米长的管筒,可以是钢管、塑料管,竹筒也行;再取一段30～45厘米长的木棍,要比管筒细一些(图1)。撕一块旧报纸,浸水湿透后,捻成两个团儿,分别塞住管筒的两头。注意,要塞得稍紧些,尽量不漏气。     

The similarity of siblings' attachments to their mother

Do siblings develop similar attachment relationships with their mother? Attachment theory suggests that brothers and sisters growing up in the same family are likely to relate in similar ways to their parents, at least when parental attachment representations and interactive styles remain stable across time. In the current study, sibling attachment data from three research groups (from Pennsylvania State University, Leiden University, and the University of Western Ontario) have been pooled to assemble a sufficiently large sample of observations (N = 138 sibling pairs) for a detailed comparison of sibling attachment relationships. Spacing between the births, differences in maternal sensitivity, and gender of siblings were examined as possible sources of concordance of nonconcordance. Attachment security (including disorganized attachment) of each sibling was assessed with the Strange Situation procedure between 12 and 14 months after birth. Maternal sensitivity was observed with the same rating scale in a laboratory play session in one of the studies and in home observations in the others. Sibling relationships were found to be significantly concordant when classified as secure/nonsecure (62% concordance, p < .01, 1-tailed, intraclass correlation = .23) but not when further subcategorized. Maternal insensitivity to both siblings (shared environment) was associated with concordance of sibling nonsecurity. Siblings of the same gender were more likely to form concordant relationships with their mother (68%; p < .01, 1-tailed, intraclass correlation = .37) than those of opposite gender. Same-sex sibling concordance was comparable to the concordance found for monozygotic twins in earlier studies. Genetic factors may, therefore, play a relatively small role in the development of attachment.     

黄金准则

苏珊向来为人诚实正直。以前她一直没有仔细考虑过这务黄金准则——“倘若你想人家怎样待你，你就应以那样的方式对待人家。”她越想就越觉得自己没能随时随刻恪守这条准则。最终，她只能向妈妈请教这一准则的含义。     

具帽真菌直观教具的制作

高級菌类子实体的保存,通常是浸制在專門的溶液里,这样,真菌在一定程度上变得粘滑,并且失去了固有的自然形态。在我多年的試驗中証明,多孔菌科和松蕈科真菌的子实体,在用融化的羊脂()并加少量(5—10%)萘或莰处理后,能保存得很好。子实体的处理及其制作的进行,是按以下一定的順序进行: 1)鉋一直徑为3—5毫米,長度取决于真菌的小棒;棒的一端削尖; 2)將小棒插入菌柄末端已經切断的子实体內,小棒要插在菌帽厚层的中央(图1); 3)握住小棒露出之一     

报废的承诺

在中国,老夫老妻之间喜欢用“老伴”来称呼,老伴老伴,老了来相伴,想起了一首很经典的歌曲里的那句歌词：“我能想到最浪漫的事,就是和你一起慢慢变老。”天长地久的爱情总是让人羡幕和渴求的,尽管恋人抑或夫妻间偶尔会有摩擦,但心里最想的还是让自己的另一半幸福,就像文中的那位太太,报废了一个承诺又怎样?只要老伴你幸福。售货员的“给予”也是感动人心的,显示出了人性中的闪光点。成全是一种美德,成全你爱的人获得幸福,成全和你一样呼吸着的人获得幸福。     

远程开放教育:蒙古游牧生活妇女的非正规教育

B·罗宾逊女士,一位关心社会弱势群体教育问题的教育专家,联合国教科文组织的项目执行官,在远程教育和学习支持服务方面享有很高的威望,她时常关心着中国的远程教育事业。今天我们总在讨论远程教育的学习支持服务,不少同志有幸到国外考查或接受培训,B·罗宾逊女士作为中国赴英培训项目的学术负责人之一接见过我们的学员。她的想法、做法代表着国外和国际专门机构(如联合国教科文组织)的基本观点。这里介绍的是她刚刚完成的一个针对经济迅速发展环境下开展开放式远程教育的项目。尽管中国与文中的蒙古在经济和政治结构上有着根本差异,但其根据实际情况开展远程教育和学习支持服务的经验是发展有中国特色的远程教育的一个绝好的借鉴。受版面的限制,本文仅对报告中涉及学习支持服务的理念和方法问题进行了摘译。     

The development of children at familial risk for dyslexia: Birth to early school age

Children at risk for familial dyslexia (n = 107) and their controls (n = 93) have been followed from birth to school entry in the Jyvaskyla Longitudinal study of Dyslexia (JLD) on developmental factors linked to reading and dyslexia. At the point of school entry, the majority of the at-risk children displayed decoding ability that fell at least 1 SD below the mean of the control group. Measures of speech processing were the earliest indices to show both group differences in infancy and also significant predictive associations with reading acquisition. A number of measures of language, including phonological and morphological skill collected repeatedly from age three, revealed group differences and predictive correlations. Both the group differences and the predictive associations to later language and reading ability strengthened as a function of increasing age. The predictions, however, tend to be stronger and the spectrum of significant correlations wider in the at-risk group. These results are crucial to early identification and intervention of dyslexia in at-risk children.     

在我的心里

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