运动员人格特征与运动损伤关系研究中的研究设计与变量选择

综合国内外有关文献，就运动员人格特征与运动损伤关系研究中的研究设计与变量选择进行了分析与探讨，指出在进一步的研究中，应将人格变量置于一个多变量影响的系统中，探讨其对运动损伤发生的影响，着重关注人格特征作为中间变量的影响效应；在对损伤变量进行考察时，要关注的是损伤测量的客观性、精确性和敏感性。此外，还应对慢性运动损伤与运动损伤发生关系予以关注。     

The reliability of distance run tests for children in grades K-4.

The purpose of this study was to determine test-retest reliability for the 1-mile, 3/4-mile, and 1/2-mile distance run/alk tests for children in Grades K-4. Fifty-one intact physical education classes were randomly assigned to one of the three distance run conditions. A total of 1,229 (621 boys, 608 girls) completed the test-retests in the fall (October), with 1,050 of these students (543 boys, 507 girls) repeating the tests in the spring (May). Results indicated that the 1-mile run/walk distance, as recommended for young children in most national test batteries, has acceptable intraclass reliability (.83 less than R less than .90) for both boys and girls in Grades 3 and 4, has minimal (fall) to acceptable (spring) reliability for Grade 2 students (.70 less than R less than .83), but is not reliable for children in Grades K and 1 (.34 less than R less than .56). The 1/2 mile was the only distance meeting minimal reliability standards for boys and girls in Grades K and 1 (.73 less than R less than .82). Results also indicated that reliability estimates remained fairly stable across gender and age groups from the fall to spring testing periods, with the exception of the noticeably improved values for Grade 2 students on the 1-mile run/walk test. Criterion-referenced reliability (P, percent agreement) was also estimated relative to Physical Best and Fitnessgram run/walk standards. Reliability coefficients for all age group standards were acceptable to high (.70 less than P less than .95), except for Fitnessgram standards for 5-year-old girls on the 1-mile test for both fall and spring and for 6-year-old boys and girls on the 1-mile test administered in the spring.     

The written composing ability of children with learning disabilities: a review of the literature from 1980 to 1990.

This article reviews the literature pertaining to the written composing ability of students with learning disabilities that was published primarily in the decade from 1980 to 1990. The papers included are either reports of research or discussions of instructional procedures that are based on research. The topics addressed include story composition, expository writing, training/intervention research, and rationales/procedures for instruction.     

Postexercise energy expenditure following upper body exercise

This study was designed to examine the magnitude and duration of excess postexercise oxygen consumption (EPOC) following upper body exercise, using lower body exercise for comparison. On separate days and in a counterbalanced order, eight subjects (four male and four female) performed a 20-min exercise at 60% of mode-specific peak oxygen uptake (VO2) using an arm crank and cycle ergometer. Prior to each exercise, baseline VO2 and heart rate (HR) were measured during the final 15 min of a 45-min seated rest. VO2 and HR were measured continuously during the postexercise period until baseline VO2 was reestablished. No significant difference between the two experimental conditions was found for magnitude of EPOC (t [7] = 0.69, p greater than .05). Mean (+/- SD) values were 9.2 +/- 3.3 and 10.4 +/- 5.8 kcal for the arm crank and cycle ergometer exercises, respectively. Duration of EPOC was relatively short and not significantly different (t [7] = 0.24, p greater than .05) between the upper body (22.9 +/- 13.7 min) and lower body (24.2 +/- 19.4 min) exercises. Within the framework of the chosen exercise conditions, these results suggest EPOC may be related primarily to the relative metabolic rate of the active musculature, as opposed to the absolute exercise VO2 or quantity of active muscle mass associated with these two types of exercise.     

计算机情报检索用户培训研究

The training for computer Search users is one of the essential guarantees for the computer information re-trieval to go on smoothly and an important means to gather the latest or fresh information quickly,accurately andcompletely as well.The text makes approaches ro the feasibility of the training of computer search users,evaluatesthe effectiveness of the training and puts forwards factors that exert impacts on the training work concerning infor-mation consciousness,information policies,etc.     

安徽高校图书馆文献资源建设的现状和建议

<正> (一)根据对全省35所高等学校图书馆的调查,安徽省高校图书馆文献资源总体状况可归纳为以下优势和不足:一、优势1.我省高校图书情报事业的发展格局和规模有了一定的基础。目前,全省高校藏书量达1068.38万册,其中中文线装书51.67万册,现刊有3.63万种,过刊7.87万种,并初步形成了各自的藏书特色,文献中教学用书体系形成了专业优势。另外,文献质量不断提高,满足需求的程度持续上升,已具有一定的文献保障水平。