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131.
Europe is characterized by a unique path of social differentiation.The two swordsstate and churchthatstructured western European society in the Middle Ages havesince multiplied into six. Six cardinal institutions of societytheeconomy, government, science, religion, ethics, and arteachmaintain a large measure of independence. Each is dependenton a special type of freedom: civic liberties, free trade, academicfreedom, religious toleration, the right to follow onesconscience, artistic licence. The modern Europeans are offeredthe opportunity to create self-chosen biographies in their questfor wealth, order, truth, salvation, virtue, and beauty. Thesuccess of the EC depends on finding a form that suits thismainstream of European structuration. The appropriate form seemscloser to the model of ancient Athens that that of the RomanEmpire. Public opinion plays a vital role in integrating thistype of social order. 相似文献
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Publishing Research Quarterly - 相似文献
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About 37% of the funds spent in 1987 for research in the Federal Republic of Germany result from government sources. The Federal government's overall annual budget alone totals $291 billion per year (1989). This makes the government sector an important generator, distributor, and consumer of scientific, technical, and government specific information. This article describes the role of the government in this context and discusses important government policy issues. 相似文献
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Pols H 《Endeavour》2006,30(4):144-149
During World War I, military officers encountered a new and puzzling phenomenon: soldiers emerged from the trenches stuttering, crying, trembling and at times were even paralysed and blind. Those in charge were convinced these soldiers were cowards or malingerers who deserved stern discipline or to be court-martialled. A number of physicians, by contrast, initially assumed that these alarming symptoms resulted from close exposure to explosions and called it shell shock. Later, they realized that it was a psychological reaction and came up with psychotherapeutic treatments. But it was only in World War II that military psychiatrists, particularly those in the USA, began to implement treatment methods for this phenomenon in a systematic way. Their thinking and the treatments they devised had significant consequences for the future of American psychiatry, which in turn influenced the development of psychiatry and military psychiatry world-wide. 相似文献
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Jaimie McMullen Déirdre Ní Chróinín Tuija Tammelin Małgorzata Pogorzelska Hans van der Mars 《Quest (Human Kinetics)》2015,67(4):384-399
Increasing physical activity opportunities in schools has emerged as a global priority among school-aged youth. As a result, many countries have designed and implemented whole-of-school physical activity initiatives that seek to increase physical activity opportunities that are available to school-aged children before, during, and after school. Considering the comprehensive school physical activity program conceptual framework, this article includes a discussion of the initiatives from four countries: Finland (Finnish Schools on the Move), Ireland (Active School Flag), Poland (PE with Class), and the United States (Let’s Move Active Schools). Background information, implementation strategies, best practices, development opportunities, and relevant research from each country will be presented. Exploring different perspectives sheds some light on the international landscape relative to whole-of-school physical activity promotion and provides direction for future and continued research and practice. 相似文献
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Hans Bonde 《国际体育史杂志》2015,32(6):800-814
Around 1916–1917 the Danish gymnastics pedagogue Niels Bukh (1880–1950) created, in an international sense, a revolutionary men's gymnastics, and in 1920 he established Denmark's and the world's first folk high school of physical education and sport. During the 1930s, Niels Bukh and his team of gymnasts first became a symbol for the dynamic Danish farming community, and then for the face of Denmark both at home and abroad. Bukh changed the stereotypical male expression of bodily dynamics, which in Danish rural gymnastics had been almost military. He made it legitimate for the young lads to get in close physical contact and to work in pairs in order to create beautiful masculine gymnastic choreographies. Within the aesthetic history of masculinity, it has often been male homosexual aestheticians, designers, musicians, dancers, and so on who have opened new avenues for the expression of male emotion, which was a trademark of Bukh's achievements, too. 相似文献
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Petter Gottschalk Cathrine FilstadRune Glomseth Hans Solli-Sæther 《International Journal of Information Management》2011,31(3):226-233
White-collar crime is financial crime committed by upper class members of society for personal or organizational gain. White-collar criminals are individuals who tend to be wealthy, highly educated, and socially connected, and they are typically employed by and in legitimate organizations. This article presents a stage of growth model for knowledge management systems to support investigation and prevention of white-collar crime in business organizations. The four stages are labelled investigator-to-technology, investigator-to-investigator, investigator-to-information and investigator-to-application, respectively. 相似文献