Gender differences in academic performance in a large public university in Turkey

The paper attempts to determine whether there are significant gender differences in academic performance among undergraduate students in a large public university in Turkey based on three indicators; university entrance scores, performance in the English preparatory school and in the program the student is majoring in. The paper finds that a smaller number of female students manage to enter the university and when they do so, they enter with lower scores. However, once they are admitted to the university, they excel in their studies and outperform their male counterparts. This result holds after controlling for the field of study and individual attributes.     

元音字母表调高缩模式计算机汉字输入拼音代码研究

规定[i]﹢[u]=[y](鱼).用j,q,x,y作复音声母(含[i]声母),并采用j,q,x分别替代汉语拼音"声介母"结构ji-,qi-,xi-;用o,iu,on,om,-m分别依序作汉语拼音韵母ou,ü,uan,ong,-ng的代码;用ea作汉语音位[iE]("姐"的韵母)的代码;用oi作汉语拼音韵母uai和üe的代码;用oo表示与u相同的读音.韵母后加e表示读第一声,加h读第二声,加v读第三声.下列情况均读去声:(1)音节中有字母双写;(2)鼻韵母后加o;(3)韵母o,io,uo,ao后加a;(4)韵母为au,iau或者y,ay,ey,ay,oy,uy.采用元音字母表调,不仅视觉效果极好,而且能使声母简码得以极限发挥.     

Exploring On-Campus and in Real School Classroom Microteaching Practices: the Effect on the Professional Development of Preservice Teachers

International Journal of Science and Mathematics Education - The aim of this study was to determine the professional developments of science teacher candidates over 14 weeks of...     

Biomechanics of the two-handed dyno technique for sport climbing

The two-handed dyno technique was studied in nine experienced climbers. According to textbooks, the preferred technique is to jump only as high as necessary and to grab the upper hold exactly at the dead point (highest position of the body centre of mass). Piezoelectric force transducers were connected to the right and left footholds and to the lower and upper handholds. From the forces, the vertical take-off velocity and the jump height were calculated. The results showed that in unsuccessful jumps, the vertical take-off velocity is too small. In successful jumps, however, the vertical take-off velocity is higher than required. In order to reach the same required minimal height, the successful jumper produced a higher force than the unsuccessful (including marginal fail) jumper did. The force produced by the feet was approximately 1.8 times higher than that of the hands. Unsuccessful jumps were significantly closer to the dead point than successful ones. The peak force at the fingers after touchdown at the upper hold ranged from 1.1 to 1.63 times body weight. Overshooting, i.e. jumping higher than required resulted in a smaller peak force and a greater chance of performing a successful jump. In successful jumps, the climber jumps higher than required and grabs the upper hold before and below the dead point. Furthermore, the closer to the dead point the climber grasps the upper hold, the higher is the peak reaction force at the fingers. The advice for the climber is to jump higher than necessary (at least 10 cm), and to grab the handhold before the dead point. This results in a high success rate and a minimal finger injury risk.     

Abschied vom Irgendwie

Reflection on the politics of sport is a scientific area of development. Everybody knows that sport has to do with politics in some way, but nobody seems to be interested to know how this relationship is precisely conditioned and it is left in that“somehow”. But whoever wants to bring politics responsibly into sport has to understand which special object is to be dealt with: which options of political acting approve of this pattern of sense and which exclude it? A well-founded understanding of sport politics extracts its aims from the particular sense of sport acting, its means out of the particular sense of political acting. So the term is reserved for a kind of political acting which gives power to the cultural sport idea for self-confidence, self-unfolding and self-maintaining in the societal space. It becomes a standard for the critical examination of legitimacy or illegitimacy of political acting in the field of sport. Details of this fundamental understanding specified in eight theses present a building block for the draft of a general theory und history of sports politics.     

Leben und Werk Carl Diems

This research report details the origin and results of the project entitled“The Life and Work of Carl Diem,” which was made possible by the support of the German Sports Federation, the German National Olympic Committee, the German Sport University of Cologne, and the Alfried Krupp von Bohlen und Halbach Foundation from 2005 to 2007. Both the topic and the project were quite well received by the public. The project addressed the divergent topics of the history of sports science and the policy of dealing with the past of German sports. These aspects of the theoretical background are highlighted in an introductory section illustrating how they relate to the project. The core of the research report focuses on a contextual discussion of the goals and results of the project. The debate surrounding the culture of remembrance in German sports has thus gained new momentum.     

进入21世纪的英国学术资格框架

系统介绍英国学术资格框架体系,比较中国学士、硕士和博士学位的授予水平,提出要进一步提高高等教育质量和标准,加强教育质量保障体系,争取更高的学术荣誉。     

Entwurf und Implementierung eines SQL-normkonformen Datenbankkatalogs für ein relationales Datenbankmanagementsystem

Zusammenfassung.   Bei relationalen Datenbanksystemen haben sich de-jure-Normen für SQL stetig weiterentwickelt; mit diesen Normen wird es einfacher, portable Datenbankanwendungen zu entwickeln. Die SQL-Norm ruht auf zwei S?ulen, zum einen auf der Datenbanksprache SQL, zum anderen auf einer Vorgabe eines Datenbankkatalogs, welcher die gespeicherten Daten beschreiben soll. Im vorliegenden Beitrag wird derjenige Teilbereich des Datenbankkatalogs der aktuellen SQL99-Norm dargestellt, der bereits in der SQL92-Norm (ISO/IEC 9075:1992 bzw. DIN 66315) definiert ist und die klassischen (nicht objektrelationalen) Elemente einer relationalen Datenbank beschreibt. In dieser Darstellung nimmt der zweischichtige Spezifikationsansatz (Informationsschema, Definitionsschema) einigen Raum ein; mit seiner Hilfe weist SQL einen eleganten Weg, auf dem existierende Datenbanksysteme normkonforme Datenbankkataloge bereitstellen k?nnen. Anhand des Datenbankmanagementsystems DB2 wird anschlie?end untersucht, wie ein normkonformer Datenbankkatalog (das sogenannte Informationsschema) „oberhalb” des verfügbaren DB2-Katalogs realisiert werden kann, d. h. wie die vom Informationsschema geforderten Sichten auf DB2-Katalogtabellen abgebildet werden k?nnen. Auf generelle Schwierigkeiten und M?glichkeiten einer solchen Abbildung (ein- oder zweistufig) wird ebenso eingegangen wie auf Probleme, die sich speziell bei DB2 ergeben. In einer prototypischen Realisierung konnte das Informationsschema bis auf wenige Einschr?nkungen komplett umgesetzt werden. Damit wurde die Machbarkeit normkonformer Kataloge nachgewiesen. In heute verfügbaren DBMS-Produkten sind Datenbankkataloge in dieser konsequent normkonformen Gestalt leider immer noch nicht anzutreffen. Eingegangen am 5. M?rz 1999 / Angenommen am 1. Mai 2000     

The Roles of Group Status and Group Membership in the Practice of Hypodescent

Hypodescent emerged in U.S. history to reinforce racial hierarchy. Research suggests that among contemporary U.S. adults, hypodescent continues to shape social perception. Among U.S. children, however, hypodescent is less likely to be endorsed. Here, we tested for hypodescent by introducing U.S. children (ages 4–9) and adults (N = 273) to hierarchically ordered novel groups (one was high status and another was low status) and then to a child who had one parent from each group. In Study 1, we presented the groups in a third-party context. In Study 2, we randomly assigned participants to the high-status or the low-status group. Across both studies, participants did not reliably endorse hypodescent, raising questions as to what elicits this practice.