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921.
Harry Munt 《Al-Masaq: Islam & the Medieval Mediterranean》2016,28(1):6-21
ABSTRACTThis article contributes to the debate over the effectiveness with which late Umayyad and early ?Abbāsid caliphs negotiated their respective rights and duties with provincial elites during the second/eighth century. The focus is on the relationships that evolved between the caliphs and those elite families residing in the ?ijāz whose ancestors had helped to establish the Muslim community and the early caliphal empire in the mid-first/seventh century. The article's analysis centres on a series of four revolts in the ?ijāz over the second/eighth century and examines developments in the enthusiasm with which local elites either supported or opposed those revolts. This discussion demonstrates that, aside from a brief period during the first decades of ?Abbāsid rule, Umayyad and ?Abbāsid caliphs during the second/eighth century were actually quite successful at inspiring loyalty among the local elites of the ?ijāz. 相似文献
922.
Nancy W. Brickhouse Zoubeida R. Dagher William J. Letts IV Harry L. Shipman 《科学教学研究杂志》2000,37(4):340-362
Arguments for teaching about the nature of science have been made for several decades. The most recent science education policy documents continue to assert the need for students to understand the nature of science. However, little research actually explores how students develop these understandings in the context of a specific course. We examine the growth in students' understanding about the nature of astronomy in a one‐semester college course. In addition to student work collected for 340 students in the course, we also interviewed focus students three times during the course. In this article we briefly describe class data and discuss in detail how five students developed their ideas throughout the course. In particular, we show the ways in which students respond to instruction with respect to the extent to which they (a) demand and examine evidence used for justifying claims, (b) integrate scientific and religious views, and (c) distinguish between scientific and nonscientific theories. © 2000 John Wiley & Sons, Inc. J Res Sci Teach 37: 340–362, 2000. 相似文献
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Clayton L. Camic Attila J. Kovacs Trisha A. VanDusseldorp Ethan C. Hill Evan A. Enquist 《运动与健康科学(英文)》2020,9(6):628-633
PurposeThe purposes of the present study were: (1) to determine whether the physical working capacity at the fatigue threshold (PWCFT) model that has been used for estimating the onset of neuromuscular fatigue in the vastus lateralis (VL) during incremental treadmill running could also be applied to the vastus medialis (VM), biceps femoris (BF), and semitendinosus (ST) muscles; and (2) if applicable, to compare the running velocities associated with the PWCFT among these muscles.MethodsEleven subjects (age 21.7 ± 1.8 years) performed an incremental treadmill test to exhaustion with electromyographic signals recorded from the VL, VM, BF, and ST.ResultsThe results indicated there were no significant (p > 0.05) mean differences in the running velocities associated with the PWCFT for the VL (14.4 ± 2.0 km/h), VM (14.3 ± 1.9 km/h), BF (13.8 ± 1.8 km/h), and ST (14.7 ± 2.3 km/h). In addition, there were significant inter-correlations (r = 0.68–0.88) among running velocities associated with the PWCFT of each muscle. Individual results also indicated that 9 of the 11 subjects exhibited identical PWCFT values for at least 3 of the 4 muscles, but there were no uniform patterns for any intra-individual differences.ConclusionThe findings of the present study suggested that the PWCFT test is a viable method to identify neuromuscular fatigue in the quadriceps and hamstrings during incremental treadmill exercise and results in consistent PWCFT values among these muscles. 相似文献
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A recent study of the factorial structure of the Rhode Island Pupil Identification Scale (RIPIS), a pupil behavior-observation scale for use by classroom teachers for detecting young children with learning problems, has led to profile scoring. This study describes the procedures and the results of an intensive and comprehensive investigation of the homogeneity of the subscales and their reliabilities as well as those of the two profiles yielded by the scale. All subscales, profiles, and composites were found to be highly internally consistent and stable over a time interval of five months. The authors also wish to show why complex psychometric scales require that more than cursory attention be paid to reliability issues. 相似文献
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Harry Torrance 《Cambridge Journal of Education》1991,21(2):129-140
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