“体制保障”与“体制迷恋”———与《论我国体育改革与发展中的“体制迷恋”现象》一文作者商榷

《“迷恋”》一文从人的主体地位出发,提出了当前我国体育改革发展的新视角。但是,针对原文提出的“体制迷恋”,本研究认为：首先,从人的主观能动性的发挥到人类社会的发展进步,体制（制度）都是一个最基础的保障因素。其次,从新中国建立以来我国体育事业半个多世纪的发展历程来看,无论是昨天取得的辉煌成绩还是当前面临的诸多问题,体制建设都是一个最基础的影响因素。因此,在当前我国体育改革、发展过程中,我们对体育体制建构的重视,不仅是推动体育事业健康发展的重要保障,同时也是确保在体育发展过程中人的主观能动性、创造性得以有效发挥的重要举措。     

海南海捞瓷概说

海南海捞瓷指古代“海上丝绸（陶瓷）之路”上的海南西沙海域触礁沉船所遗留的各时期外销陶瓷,它们经海南渔民打捞出水后流散于社会,成为民间陶瓷收藏研究的一个专题。为了与《文物法》限定的出水文物区分,民间收藏界将这部分陶瓷通称为“海捞瓷”,简称“海瓷”。在海南,海瓷已成为民间收藏的一个重要专题,更多的人加入到收藏研究保护之中,倒卖、破坏的行为大大降低。海捞瓷现已成为“海南三宝”之一,成为全社会共同保护研究的重要文化遗产。     

Coordination variability and skill development in expert triple jumpers

The aim of this study was to examine the influence of skill of expert triple jumpers on the coordination variability of lower extremity intra-limb couplings. In contrast to the traditional motor learning perspective, we hypothesized that as skill and thus performance increases, movement coordination variability will also increase. Three-dimensional kinematic and ground reaction force data were collected during the hop-step transition phase of the triple jump. Relative motion plots and a modified vector coding technique were used to quantify the coordination variability across the trials. The results were consistent with a U-shaped curve, representing coordination variability, as skill increases. The high coordination variability in less skilled athletes is present while the appropriate characteristics defining the movement coordination patterns are acquired. This coordination variability may not be beneficial to performance. As the refinement of these characteristics is achieved, coordination variability decreases, resulting in a more consistent or regulated performance. In the final stages of developing a skilled performance, a functional variability is accessed that brings flexibility to the system allowing it to cope with perturbations. This study highlights the need to address the learning effect when analysing coordination variability from a dynamical systems perspective.     

中国足球超级联赛产业发展探讨

采用文献资料法等对中国足球协会超级联赛产业发展的历史进程和现在面临的问题进行探讨,分析赞助商变更、投资主体变迁等产生问题的原因,提出加强对投资引导等解决问题的方法。     

The role of effort in moderating the anxiety-performance relationship: Testing the prediction of processing efficiency theory in simulated rally driving

We tested some of the key predictions of processing efficiency theory using a simulated rally driving task. Two groups of participants were classified as either dispositionally high or low anxious based on trait anxiety scores and trained on a simulated driving task. Participants then raced individually on two similar courses under counterbalanced experimental conditions designed to manipulate the level of anxiety experienced. The effort exerted on the driving tasks was assessed though self-report (RSME), psychophysiological measures (pupil dilation) and visual gaze data. Efficiency was measured in terms of efficiency of visual processing (search rate) and driving control (variability of wheel and accelerator pedal) indices. Driving performance was measured as the time taken to complete the course. As predicted, increased anxiety had a negative effect on processing efficiency as indexed by the self-report, pupillary response and variability of gaze data. Predicted differences due to dispositional levels of anxiety were also found in the driving control and effort data. Although both groups of drivers performed worse under the threatening condition, the performance of the high trait anxious individuals was affected to a greater extent by the anxiety manipulation than the performance of the low trait anxious drivers. The findings suggest that processing efficiency theory holds promise as a theoretical framework for examining the relationship between anxiety and performance in sport.     

Knee extensor and flexor torque development with concentric and eccentric isokinetic training

This study assessed muscular torque and rate of torque development following concentric (CON) or eccentric (ECC) isokinetic training. Thirty-eight women were randomly assigned to either CON or ECC training groups. Training consisted of knee extension and flexion of the nondominant leg three times per week for 20 weeks (SD = 1). Eccentric training increased ECC knee extension and flexion peak torque more than CON training. The ECC group improved acceleration time and time to peak torque with ECC movements versus the CON group. Slow-velocity ECC isokinetic training yielded greater ECC and similar CON torque development gains versus CON training over the course of 20 weeks in young women.     

Fourth-grade students' motivational changes in an elementary physical education running program

Achievement goal theory and the expectancy-value model of achievement choice were used to examine fourth-grade students' motivational changes in an elementary physical education running program. In fall and spring of the school year, participants (N = 113; 66 boys, 47 girls) completed questionnaires assessing achievement goals, expectancy beliefs, subjective task values, and intention for future running participation. They also completed a timed 1-mile (1.6 km) run. The number of laps they ran/walked during the school year was used to assess students' persistence/effort. Results indicated the students improved their run but became less motivated about running while participating in a year-long running program. Children's beliefs about how good they were in the running program (i.e., expectancy beliefs) and their perceptions of how interesting and fun it was (i.e., interest) emerged as the strongest positive predictors of their motivation for running over time. These findings provide strong empirical evidence that expectancy beliefs and interest are essential to children's motivation in elementary physical education.