哈佛大学工学院发展战略及其对新工科建设的启示

哈佛大学自2007年重建工程与应用科学学院以来,采取了与传统工程学科大相径庭的发展路径,以解决人类面临重大挑战的前沿科学为重点发展方向,以机制保障为学科交叉融合提供土壤,以空间优化调整助力研究、孵化、成果转化一体化发展,取得了显著成绩。哈佛大学工学院发展路径正体现了新工科建设思路,对我国高校加快建设发展新工科,推动学科深度交叉融合,优化调整空间布局,服务科研创新、成果转化等具有重要启示。     

名人手稿的典藏、保护与利用刍议--以四川省图书馆馆藏刘咸炘手稿为例

四川省图书馆收藏了丰富的地方名人手稿,尤以刘咸炘手稿居多,共计77种5531页,是目前国内最重要的刘咸炘手稿收藏单位。本文以对刘咸炘手稿的典藏、整理和保护利用为例,探讨了图书馆处理手稿这一珍贵特色资源的方法和措施,以期为图书馆珍稀文献资源的保护、研究和利用做一些实务方面的探索。     

The histone H3K27 demethylase REF6/JMJ12 promotes thermomorphogenesis in ArabidopsisOA

Dynamic trimethylation of histone H3 at Lys27(H3 K27 me3) affects gene expression and controls plant development and environmental responses.In Arabidopsis thaliana,RELATIVE OF EARLY FLOWERING 6(REF6)/JUMONJI DOMAIN-CONTAINING PROTEIN 12 demethylates H3 K27 me3 by recognizing a specific DNA motif.However,little is known about how REF6 activates target gene expression after recognition,especially in environmental responses.In response to warm ambient temperature, plants undergo thermomorphogenesi...     

“健康中国2030”战略下健康数据协同治理体系研究

[目的/意义] 提升公民健康水平是经济社会发展到一定程度后的必然要求，健康数据协同治理体系的构建有助于从信息科学角度达成这一要求，治理体系需要以国家战略为宏观指导，全方位服务于公民健康水平提升的总体目标。[方法/过程] 通过对《"健康中国2030"规划纲要》文本精神的领会，在分析了各治理主体对健康信息治理需求的基础上，提出一种面向"健康中国2030"战略的健康数据协同治理体系，并针对关键环节提出保障措施。[结果/结论] 协调各层级、各部门与各利益主体的健康数据治理体系构建与保障，有助于在推动国家健康战略目标的同时实现健康数据的社会价值，拓展健康信息学的研究范畴。     

高校图书馆学科馆员与学科化知识服务

论文从分析高校图书馆开展知识服务的需求、学科馆员素质要求和知识服务模式入手,论述了新时期高校图书馆学科馆员的工作模式,指出为用户提供深层次、专业化、知识化、特色化的知识服务是提升高校图书馆知识服务能力的必由之路.图书馆学科化知识服务模式将成为高校图书馆未来最具潜力的一种服务模式.     

Two decades of suspect evidence for adaptive molecular evolution—negative selection confounding positive-selection signals

There has been a large literature in the last two decades affirming adaptive DNA sequence evolution between species. The main lines of evidence are from (i) the McDonald-Kreitman (MK) test, which compares divergence and polymorphism data, and (ii) the phylogenetic analysis by maximum likelihood (PAML) test, which analyzes multispecies divergence data. Here, we apply these two tests concurrently to genomic data of Drosophila and Arabidopsis. To our surprise, the >100 genes identified by the two tests do not overlap beyond random expectation. Because the non-concordance could be due to low powers leading to high false negatives, we merge every 20–30 genes into a ‘supergene’. At the supergene level, the power of detection is large but the calls still do not overlap. We rule out methodological reasons for the non-concordance. In particular, extensive simulations fail to find scenarios whereby positive selection can only be detected by either MK or PAML, but not both. Since molecular evolution is governed by positive and negative selection concurrently, a fundamental assumption for estimating one of these (say, positive selection) is that the other is constant. However, in a broad survey of primates, birds, Drosophila and Arabidopsis, we found that negative selection rarely stays constant for long in evolution. As a consequence, the variation in negative selection is often misconstrued as a signal of positive selection. In conclusion, MK, PAML and any method that examines genomic sequence evolution has to explicitly address the variation in negative selection before estimating positive selection. In a companion study, we propose a possible path forward in two stages—first, by mapping out the changes in negative selection and then using this map to estimate positive selection. For now, the large literature on positive selection between species has to await reassessment.     

论数字参考咨询服务的知识管理

文章阐述了数字参考咨询服务的概念,分析了它与传统参考咨询服务的区别,总结了它的特征在于知识共享、服务共享和专家共享,并运用知识管理的有关理论对数字参考咨询如何加强知识管理提出了建议。     

网络环境下个性化信息服务的现状与前瞻

分析了个性化信息服务的内涵、现状及影响,并阐述了网络环境下个性化信息服务的发展趋势。     

任务驱动教学法下的能源与动力工程基础实验实训探索和改革

分析能源与动力工程基础实验实训现状和存在问题,将任务驱动教学法应用于基础实验实训,突出学生为主、融入新兴理念、培养创新意识、细化实训要求、完善考核机制和扎实能力培养.通过基础实验的自学和检测,锻炼学生操作实验、撰写报告和分析结果的能力.设计实验的任务驱动,给学生充分发展的平台,锻炼其自学、实践、表达和团队协作能力,培养...     

浅议数字图书馆的个性化信息需求服务

分析了数字图书馆开展个性化信息服务的必要性,着重探索数字图书馆个性化信息服务的构建,以满足用户的个性化需求。