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排序方式: 共有398条查询结果,搜索用时 15 毫秒
101.
Angela Lee Duckworth Heidi Grant Benjamin Loew Gabriele Oettingen Peter M. Gollwitzer 《教育心理学》2011,31(1):17-26
Adolescents struggle with setting and striving for goals that require sustained self‐discipline. Research on adults indicates that goal commitment is enhanced by mental contrasting (MC), a strategy involving the cognitive elaboration of a desired future with relevant obstacles of present reality. Implementation intentions (II), which identify the action one will take when a goal‐relevant opportunity arises, represent a strategy shown to increase goal attainment when commitment is high. This study tests the effect of mental contrasting combined with implementation intentions (MCII) on successful goal implementation in adolescents. Sixty‐six 2nd‐year high school students preparing to take a high‐stakes exam in the fall of their third year were randomly assigned to complete either a 30‐minute written mental contrasting with implementation intentions intervention or a placebo control writing exercise. Students in the intervention condition completed more than 60% more practice questions than did students in the control condition. These findings point to the utility of directly teaching to adolescents mental contrasting with implementation intentions as a self‐regulatory strategy of successful goal pursuit. 相似文献
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103.
WHAT PISA TELLS US ABOUT THE QUALITY AND INEQUALITY OF JAPANESE EDUCATION IN MATHEMATICS AND SCIENCE
Researchers, policy officials, and the wider public in Japan and abroad often hold different views about the quality of Japanese
education. Whereas Western researchers are attracted by the academic performance of Japanese students in international assessment
studies, Japanese university professors launched a public debate in 1999 about declining achievement. Both advocates and detractors,
however, assume that students perform equally well or bad, teachers do not differ in their methods, and students are treated
similarly across schools. This study explored the validity of the mutually opposing views about the quality of Japanese education
and addressed the issue of unequal educational opportunities, which has not been investigated based on representative, large-scale
datasets. According to the Programme for International Student Assessment (PISA) studies, Japanese students performed well
but a decline is visible between 2003 and 2006 for mathematics. The PISA studies also indicate that an achievement gap exists
in Japan and that tracking leads to differential school experiences. 相似文献
104.
Edith Mukudi Omwami Edmond J. Keller 《International Review of Education/Internationale Zeitschrift für Erziehungswissenschaft/Revue internationale l'éducation》2010,38(3):5-31
Budgetary capacity that would allow for the public funding of the provision of universal access to primary education is lacking
in many sub-Saharan economies. National revenues significantly lag behind the overall economic productivity measure of GDP.
Analysis of data derived from UNESCO and UNDP for 2004 shows that governments in the region spend far less in US dollars per
unit cost on primary education than do developed countries. Increasing the unit cost of education in order to enable a government
to guarantee universal primary education would take away resources from other tiers of the education system in many countries
in the region. The alternative is to universalise access, despite existing budget allocation constraints, and thereby further
compound the problems of poor infrastructure and limited human resource capacity that continue to compromise education quality
in sub-Saharan Africa. 相似文献
105.
Architects who use universal design create accessible spaces for diverse users. Jeanne Higbee and Heidi Barajas describe how that model can be adapted to the design of effective learning environments for a wide range of students. 相似文献
106.
Alexander E. Ellinger Scott B. Keller Andrea D. Ellinger 《Performance Improvement Quarterly》2000,13(3):41-59
Interdepartmental integration, the melding together of disparate functional areas within an organization, is believed to be associated with superior firm performance. However, the particular approach that human resource development practitioners should focus on to improve performance is not well‐understood. Our research assesses three alternative approaches to interdepartmental integration: the interaction, collaboration, and combination views. The interaction view suggests that successful interdepartmental integration is achieved primarily by increasing the volume of meetings and documented information exchange; the collaboration view prescribes teamwork, sharing, and the achievement of collective goals. The third view suggests that Successful integration involves a combination of interaction and collaboration. The results of a recent survey of functional managers are presented. The findings indicate that interaction and collaboration are both positively associated with performance and extendi previous empirical work by suggesting that, when viewed collectively, collaboration mediates the relationship between interaction and performance. Implications for practice and future research are discussed. 相似文献
107.
Orloff H Sumida B Chow J Habibi L Fujino A Kramer B 《Sports biomechanics / International Society of Biomechanics in Sports》2008,7(2):238-247
The players' ability to achieve the greatest distance in kicking is determined by their efficiency in transferring kinetic energy from the body to the ball. The purpose of this study was to compare the kinetics and kinematics of the plant leg position between male and female collegiate soccer players during instep kicking. Twenty-three soccer players (11 males and 12 females) were filmed in both the sagittal and posterior views while performing a maximal instep kick. Plant leg kinetic data were also collected using an AMTI 1000 force platform. There were no significant differences between the sexes in plant leg position, but females had significantly greater trunk lean, plant leg angle, and medial-lateral ground reaction force than the males. Males showed higher vertical ground reaction forces at ball contact, but there were no significant differences in ball speed at take-off between the sexes. Ball speed at take-off was inversely related to peak anterior-posterior ground reaction force (-0.65). The anatomical differences between the sexes were reflected in greater trunk lean and lower leg angle in the females. 相似文献
108.
Kirsten Tulchin-Francis Wilshaw Stevens Jr. Xiangli Gu Tao Zhang Heather Roberts Jean Keller Dana Dempsey Justine Borchard Kelly Jeans Jonathan VanPelt 《运动与健康科学(英文)》2021,10(3):323-332
BackgroundDaily moderate-to-vigorous physical activity (MVPA) is vital to the physical, mental, and social well-being of children. Early restrictions during the coronavirus disease 2019 (COVID-19) pandemic included the closure of schools and physical activity (PA) amenities across the US. This study aimed to examine the impact of the pandemic on the PA and play behavior of U.S. children and to provide evidence-based recommendations to improve their PA.MethodsA cross-sectional, online, parent-reported survey was conducted of children aged 3–18 years between April and June 2020 to assess light PA and MVPA using a modified Godin Leisure-Time Exercise Questionnaire. Additional items included family/child socioeconomic demographics, child adaptability to the pandemic, and community access. The survey was shared through social media and snowball sampling distribution.ResultsAnalysis of 1310 surveys indicated child PA scores declined significantly during the pandemic (from 56.6 to 44.6, max 119, p < 0.001). Specifically, MVPA score decreased (from 46.7 to 34.7, max 98, p < 0.001) while light PA remained the same. Age-based changes were seen in the quantity, variety, and intensity of PA, with the lowest pandemic-related impact seen in preschoolers and the highest in high schoolers (–4.7 vs. –17.2, p < 0.001). Community-based peer PA decreased across all age groups.ConclusionThis study shows decreased PA levels in U.S. children, according to parent reporting, during the COVID-19 pandemic. Recommendations for community leaders, educators, and parents to improve PA in children are provided. With continued spread of COVID-19, these results and recommendations may be imperative to the physical well-being of U.S. children. 相似文献
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