梅琳达·盖茨:我所遇到的最振奋人心的女性

正微软公司前总裁、世界首富比尔·盖茨的夫人梅琳达·盖茨在1996年诞下第一个孩子之后开始投身于慈善事业。自此,这位从幕后走到台前的"首富夫人"不断地在世界舞台上发挥着自己身为女性的魅力与影响力。本期,请与梅琳达·盖茨一起回顾她在2013年开展慈善事业的过程中遇到的令人印象深刻的女性。     

The Funding of Higher Education in the UK: a Contribution to the Debate

In this paper we review arguments that have been well rehearsed in the economic literature in the past twenty years and which are relevant to the present debate over student loans and the funding of the higher education sector.
The body of the paper assesses four finding proposals: (1) The Government's mortgage-type loan scheme, (2) The Barr, National Insurance repayment scheme, (3) The Graduate Tax and (4) A Loan scheme based on the individual higher education institution.
Each proposal is assessed in terms of its efficiency impact in six dimensions, (i) set up costs and flexibility, (ii) administrative costs (iii) incentives (iv) information (v) the balance of public and private involvement, and (vi) equity.
We conclude that, overall, we would not recommend any of the alternatives as unambiguously superior on all counts. Insofar as a radical approach is to be implemented we argue that a scheme based on the individual higher education institution, with repayment via the National Insurance system, is probably the best option.