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7-month-old full-terms and high-risk preterms (less than 1,500 grams at birth) were compared on problems of visual recognition memory and tactual-to-visual cross-modal transfer. On the visual problems, preterm infants showed significantly less differential attentiveness to novelty than full-terms. They also required longer exposure times during visual familiarization, primarily because of longer pauses between fixations. Preterms and full-terms exhibited different patterns of looking, as indicated by the duration of fixation and the frequency in shifts of gaze. On the cross-modal problems, preterms and full-terms both exhibited similar and significant preferences for familiar rather than novel stimuli, a direction of preference which suggests that these problems were relatively difficult for both groups. For the preterms, novelty and exposure-time scores were found to be related to several medical risk factors. Novelty preferences were compromised in preterms who had suffered RDS postnatally, particularly those who had required prolonged mechanical ventilation. In general, high-risk preterms exhibited deficits in visual recognition memory and in the ability to recruit, sustain, and shift attention. 相似文献
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W. A. Van Schoor S. R. Whittaker 《International journal for the advancement of counseling》1988,11(2):127-134
The object of the study was to determine the major needs of students at the University of the Western Cape (U.W.C.). A second aim was to determine how students view the nature of the Centre for Student Counselling (C.S.C.). No needs assessments have previously been done on the U.W.C. campus and this lack of knowledge pertaining to the needs of students could have meant a misdirected focus in terms of the provision of counselling services.The study was done with a representative sample of students from all the year groups. Students were asked to fill in a questionnaire consisting of two parts. In Part I a student had to indicate how prevalent he thought a particular set of problems were on campus. In Part II he had to indicate whether he would have referred a friend to the C.S.C. with a particular problem.The results had indicated that problems were predominantly seen to be in the vocational-academic area and that students were more willing to refer fellow students to the C.S.C. with the above-mentioned problems than with problems of a more personal-social nature. Although the results were to be expected, it was emphasized that vocational-academic problems are often used as a smoke-screen and that counsellors should also be aware of underlying social-emotional problems. 相似文献
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European Journal of Psychology of Education - The paper discusses the importance of incorporating naturalistic data from spontaneous written texts in language acquisition research in general, and... 相似文献
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Gary M. Lewis 《Research in higher education》1988,29(4):319-342
Comparing the admissions selectivity of colleges on the basis of accept rates can be misleading because the quality of the applicant pool is ignored. However, many rate comparisons can be improved using the demographic technique of direct standardization. In this study, SAT-specific accept rates for about 200 private four-year colleges and universities in the United States were estimated and used to compute adjusted (standardized) accept rates. College-bound high school seniors who took the SAT verbal and mathematics examinations in 1986 formed the standard populations. Standard errors for the differences in adjusted accept rates between colleges were computed so that selectivity groupings of colleges could be constructed. Results showed that selectivity rankings changed substantially depending on whether crude or adjusted accept rates were used. Adjusted rates reduced the problems of comparing admissions selectivity among colleges whose applicant quality varied significantly. 相似文献
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