构建“学习共同体”的学校改革

日本学校改革的目标是创建“学习共同体”，“学习共同体”的建立，不仅使其可成为孩子们学习和成长的天地，也是教师共同学习成长的地方，并且还可以作为家长、市民支持和参加学校改革、共同学习成长的重要场所。改革的理论基础主要是杜威的公共哲学。推进作为“学习共同体”的学校建设，需要遵循少则多、简则优、小则精的原则。这种改革并没有特定的形态、特定的运动以及特定的处方，是任何一所学校的任何人都可以参与挑战的“活动体系”。     

Perceptions of Black Student Athletes About Academic Mentorship at a Predominantly White Institution in Higher Education

The purpose of this study was to investigate and describe the mentorship experiences of Black student athletes attending undergraduate programs at a Predominantly White Institution in Higher Education (PWI-HE). The research site for this study was a co-educational public research institution (PWI-HE) with an approximate enrollment of 45,000 students. A total of six Black student athletes (five African American and one Jamaican) agreed to participate in this study. Four major interrelated and complex themes emerged from the data analyses. These themes were: (a) mentoring study habits and routines, (b) mentoring academic schedule and time management, (c) personal development within an isolated environment, and (d) family members’ support and encouragements. To better support Black student athletes at PWI-HEs, athletic department administrators, coaches, faculty, and all students should be encouraged to respect, value, and embrace the racial identities, origins, languages, and cultures of the student athletes that are being mentored.     

连接光异构化非天然氨基酸的RGD肽抑制细胞的附着

利用固相肽合成方法 ,将带有光敏基团偶氮苯的非天然氨基酸———苯基偶氮苯基苯丙氨酸与RGD肽连接 ,得到具有光敏功能的RGD肽 .非天然氨基酸连接在C端的RGD肽与HeLa细胞表面的整合素有很强的结合能力 .RGD侧链上的光敏基团的光致异构化对RGD肽与HeLa细胞表面的整合素的结合有一定的影响     

Serum proteins analysis by capillary electrophoresis

The purpose of this study was to evaluate the efficacy of multi-capillary electrophoresis instrument in clinical laboratory. An automated clinical capillary electrophoresis system was evaluated for performing serum proteins electrophoresis and immuno-fixation electrophoresis by subtraction. In this study the performance of capillary electrophoresis was compared with the cellulose acetate membrane electrophoresis and agarose gel immunofixation electrophoresis for serum proteins. The results of capillary electrophoresis and cellulose acetate membrane electrophoresis were good (r=0.89∼0.97) for protein fractions and A/G ratio except for β-gobulin fraction (r=0.60). Both within-run and day to day precisions (CVs) of assay results for 5 main fractions and A/G ratio (n=10) were between 0.3∼6.3%. The reference ranges of serum protein fractions obtained from 200 healthy individuals by cellulose acetate membrane electrophoresis were almost equal to that of capillary electrophoresis except for α-1 globulin fraction. No significant difference of electropherograms between cellulose acetate electrophoresis and capillary electrophoresis was observed in the abnormal serum such as presence of bilirubin (<20mg/dl), hemoglobin (<300 mg/dl), lipid (Intralipos <1%) and samples from patients with acute phase response, liver injury, polyclonal hyper gammaglobulinemia or M-proteinemia. The method of capillary immuno-fixation electrophoresis by subtraction showed good agreement with agarose gel immunofixation electrophoresis by subtraction identifying 30 monoclonal gammmopathy patient samples.     

Academic inbreeding: exploring its characteristics and rationale in Japanese universities using a qualitative perspective

This study analyses why and how academic inbreeding as a recruitment practice continues to prevail in Japan, a country with a mature higher education system, where high rates of academic inbreeding endure in most of the research-oriented universities in spite of several higher education reforms. Based on a qualitative analysis, we disclose three characteristics that lead academics to become inbred at Japanese universities. One characteristic—the adoption of “open recruitment processes” in detriment of “closed recruitment processes”—changed over time, limiting academic inbreeding practices, but two other characteristics remained unchanged over time: the “one university learning experience” and the “concentration of doctoral supervisors at the same university”. These latter characteristics represent difficult challenges to be tackled as they are also traditional characteristics of the Japanese higher education system. The research also shows that academic inbreeding practices are a means to assure organizational stability and institutional identity, features perceived as important by Japanese universities. A central challenge for the Japanese universities is then to guarantee these features without needing to rely on academic inbreeding practices to obtain them. However, devising policies to meet this challenge calls for institutional will to change, proactive strategies and time.     

Knowing me,knowing you: UK and Japanese academic developer identities at two research-intensive institutions

In 2004, Ray Land produced extensive literature on the 12 orientations of academic developers. These orientations provided academic developers with a useful tool through which they have been able to better articulate their roles and their place in academia. We have used the orientations model to establish, compare, and contrast the identity of sixteen academic developers from the UK and from Japan. The findings reveal that research is a key orientation recognised by both groups, although is expressed differently by academic developers from the two countries. The political strategist orientation was considered important amongst managers irrespective of their cultural backgrounds.     

Implementation of tetra-poly(ethylene glycol) hydrogel with high mechanical strength into microfluidic device technology

Hydrogels have several excellent characteristics suitable for biomedical use such as softness, biological inertness and solute permeability. Hence, integrating hydrogels into microfluidic devices is a promising approach for providing additional functions such as biocompatibility and porosity, to microfluidic devices. However, the poor mechanical strength of hydrogels has severely limited device design and fabrication. A tetra-poly(ethylene glycol) (tetra-PEG) hydrogel synthesized recently has high mechanical strength and is expected to overcome such a limitation. In this research, we have comprehensively studied the implementation of tetra-PEG gel into microfluidic device technology. First, the fabrication of tetra-PEG gel/PDMS hybrid microchannels was established by developing a simple and robust bonding technique. Second, some fundamental features of tetra-PEG gel/PDMS hybrid microchannels, particularly fluid flow and mass transfer, were studied. Finally, to demonstrate the unique application of tetra-PEG-gel-integrated microfluidic devices, the generation of patterned chemical modulation with the maximum concentration gradient: 10% per 20 μm in a hydrogel was performed. The techniques developed in this study are expected to provide fundamental and beneficial methods of developing various microfluidic devices for life science and biomedical applications.     

Limitations of cadence-based walking for assessing bouts of moderate-to vigorous-intensity physical activity under free-living conditions

Abstract

The purpose of the present investigation was to examine the relationship between the accumulation of 1000 steps in 10 minutes (1K) and 3000 steps in 30 minutes (3K) with the amount and intensity of daily physical activity. Thirty-three adults (16 males and 17 females, 53 ± 19 years) wore an accelerometer (Lifecorder) for seven consecutive days in order to determine the number of steps and the time spent in physical activity at light intensity (LPA), moderate intensity (MPA), vigorous intensity (VPA) and moderate to vigorous intensity (MVPA). Furthermore, based on the minute-by-minute stepping rate, the number, intensity and duration of walking bouts (1K and 3K) were evaluated. The daily number of steps, LPA, MPA and VPA were significantly higher on the days with 1K or 3K compared with that observed on the days without 1K or 3K (P <0.05). The duration of 1K was not found to be correlated with an MVPA >10 minutes. An MVPA >10 minutes was less than 2 min · day^?1 on the days with 1K or 3K. Therefore, it is doubtful that the concept of cadence is an alternative indicator for the commonly used definition of MVPA. It remains unclear whether participation in 1K and 3K guarantees that an individual will meet the current MVPA guidelines.